Turkey and its 66 important Details for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams

Turkey and its Details Like , Capital, GDP, Currency, Geography, Economy, Defence, Culture, Natural resources, Habitat, Sports and all you want to know for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams.

Turkey and its Basic Details :

Geography of Turkey :

Economy of Turkey :

Defence Power of Turkey :

Cultural of Turkey :

Sports in Turkey :

Natural Habitat and wild life of Turkey :

Biggest in the Turkey :

Brief History Of Turkey :

A brief history of Turkey, including information on Ancient Turkey, the Medieval Period, the Modern Era, and Recent History:

Ancient Turkey (Prehistoric to 7th Century AD):

• The region that is now Turkey has a rich history dating back to prehistoric times.
• It was home to various ancient civilizations, including the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, and Urartians.
• In the 6th century BC, the Persian Empire conquered much of Anatolia.
• Alexander the Great later defeated the Persians and brought Greek influence to the region.
• Anatolia then became part of the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire.

Medieval Period (7th Century to 13th Century AD):

• In the 7th century, the Arab Caliphate expanded into Anatolia, introducing Islam.
• The Byzantine Empire continued to exert control in the region.
• In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks emerged, gradually taking control of Anatolia from the Byzantines.
• The First Crusade led to the establishment of Crusader states in Anatolia, but they were later defeated by the Seljuks.
• The Mongol Empire briefly ruled parts of Anatolia in the 13th century.

Ottoman Empire (13th Century to 20th Century AD):

• The 13th century saw the rise of the Ottoman Turks under Osman I.
• The Ottoman Empire expanded rapidly, capturing Constantinople in 1453 and renaming it Istanbul.
• Under Suleiman the Magnificent, the empire reached its zenith, controlling much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and North Africa.
• The empire began to decline in the 17th century and faced territorial losses.
• By the late 19th century, the empire was referred to as the “Sick Man of Europe.”
• World War I and the Turkish War of Independence led to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

Modern Era (20th Century):

• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a military leader, and statesman, founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
• Atatürk implemented sweeping reforms, including secularization, westernization, and political modernization.
• Turkey remained neutral during World War II but eventually joined NATO in 1952.
• The country experienced political instability with a series of coups and military interventions during the mid-20th century.
• Turkey’s role as a key Cold War ally influenced its politics.

Recent History (Late 20th Century to Present):

• Turkey has since transitioned to a multiparty democracy with periods of political stability.
• It has pursued EU membership but faced challenges related to human rights and political reforms.
• The Kurdish–Turkish conflict, centered on Kurdish minority rights, has been a significant issue.
• In recent years, Turkey has played a role in regional conflicts, including the Syrian Civil War.
• There have been ongoing debates over the role of religion in politics and civil society.

This overview highlights key periods and developments in Turkey’s history, from its ancient civilizations to its modern republic and the challenges it has faced along the way.