Bangladesh and its 66 important Details for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams
Bangladesh and its Details Like , Capital, GDP, Currency, Geography, Economy, Defence, Culture, Natural resources, Habitat, Sports and all you want to know for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams.
Bangladesh and its Basic Details :
| Attribute | Information |
|---|---|
| Name of the country | Bangladesh |
| Capital | Dhaka |
| Independence day | March 26, 1971 |
| Major religions | Islam (Official), Hinduism |
| Currency | Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) |
| Continent | Asia |
| Top 5 Famous cities | Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet |
| Top 10 Famous persons | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Muhammad Yunus, Fazle Hasan Abed, Atiur Rahman, Abdus Sattar, Muhammad Shahidullah, AK Fazlul Huq, Begum Rokeya |
| Type of government | Unitary parliamentary democracy |
| Main wars fought | Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) |
| GDP | $352.4 billion (2021) |
| 5 popular tourist places | 1. Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, 2. Cox’s Bazar Beach, 3. Srimangal, 4. Rangamati, 5. Sonargaon (Panam City) |
Geography of Bangladesh :
| Category | Information |
|---|---|
| Geography | Situated in South Asia, Bangladesh has diverse landscapes including rivers, hills, and plains. |
| Area (sq km) | Approximately 147,570 square kilometers. |
| Population | Around 170 million people (as of 2023 estimates). |
| Main Mountain Ranges | Chittagong Hill Tracts, Sylhet Hills, Bandarban Hills, Sitakunda Hills, Mymensingh Hills. |
| Main Mountain Peaks | Keokradong, Tahjindong, Mowdok Mual, Saka Haphong, Rang Tlang. |
| Main Rivers | Padma, Jamuna, Meghna, Brahmaputra, Karnaphuli. |
| Main Lakes | Kaptai Lake, Hakaluki Haor, Gopalganj-Khulna Beel, Boga Lake, Chandpur Barachatra Haor. |
| Deserts | Bangladesh does not have any desert areas. |
| Plateau | Madhupur Tract, Barind Tract. |
| Volcanoes | Bangladesh is not in a volcanic zone and doesn’t have active volcanoes. |
| Main Crops and Vegetation | Rice, Jute, Tea, Sugarcane, Vegetables. |
| Main Beaches | Cox’s Bazar Beach, Kuakata Beach, Saint Martin’s Island Beach. |
| Neighbouring Countries | India and Myanmar share boundaries with Bangladesh. |
| Nearby Seas and Oceans | Bay of Bengal. |
| Length of Coastline | Approximately 580 kilometers. |
| Top 5 Natural Resources | Natural gas, Coal, Limestone, Silica sand, Arable land. |
Economy of Bangladesh :
| Category | Information |
|---|---|
| Major Industries | Textiles, Garments, Agriculture, Pharmaceuticals, Information Technology |
| Main Revenue Sources | Apparel exports, Remittances, Agriculture, Leather goods, Pharmaceuticals |
| Top 10 Companies | Grameenphone, BRAC Bank, Dhaka Bank, Square Pharmaceuticals, Beximco Pharmaceuticals, Renata Limited, |
| United Commercial Bank, ACI Limited, Islami Bank Bangladesh, Robi Axiata Limited | |
| Per Capita Income | Approximately $2,227 (as of 2023). |
| Top 5 Imports | Machinery and equipment, Chemicals, Iron and steel, Textiles, Petroleum products |
| Top 5 Exports | Textiles and garments, Agriculture products (mainly rice and jute), Leather goods, Pharmaceuticals, |
| Frozen fish and seafood | |
| Total Gold Reserves | Approximately 14 metric tons (as of 2023). |
Defence Power of Bangladesh :
| Category | Information |
|---|---|
| Bangladesh Armed Forces | Comprises the Army, Navy, and Air Force. |
| Commander-in-Chief | The President of Bangladesh serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. |
| Defense Budget | Estimated at $3.2 billion for 2023, roughly 1.3% of the country’s GDP. |
| Army Personnel | Approximately 160,000 active personnel in the Bangladesh Army. |
| Air Force Personnel | The Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) includes around 12,000 active personnel. |
| Navy Personnel | The Bangladesh Navy (BN) consists of approximately 18,000 active personnel. |
| Defense Imports | Bangladesh’s total defense imports in 2022 were estimated at $1.13 billion. |
| Defense Exports | The country’s total defense exports in 2022 were estimated to be $150 million. |
Cultural of Bangladesh :
| Category | Information |
|---|---|
| Main Festivals | Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year), Durga Puja, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha, Buddha Purnima |
| Main Religious Places | Baitul Mukarram Mosque, Lalbagh Fort, Dhakeshwari Temple, Kantaji Temple, Sompur Mahavihara |
| Main Arts and Dances | Nakshi Kantha (embroidered quilt), Patachitra (traditional scroll painting), Baul music, Jatra (folk theater), Manipuri dance |
| Main Languages | Bengali (Bangla) |
| Famous Food and Cuisines | Biriyani, Pitha (traditional cake), Hilsa fish curry, Panta Bhat (fermented rice), Fuchka (street food) |
| UNESCO Protected Buildings | Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur, Sundarbans, Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat, The Sixty Dome Mosque, The Mosque City of Bagerhat |
Sports in Bangladesh :
| Category | Information |
|---|---|
| National Game | Kabaddi |
| Main Sports | Cricket, Football, Kabaddi, Field Hockey |
| Top Athletes | Mashrafe Mortaza (Cricket), Kazi Salahuddin (Football) |
| Top Sports Achievements | Bangladesh U-19 Cricket team reaching World Cup Finals, Bangladesh National Cricket team wins against England in 2015 World Cup |
Natural Habitat and wild life of Bangladesh :
| Category | Information |
|---|---|
| National Animal | Royal Bengal Tiger |
| National Bird | Oriental Magpie-Robin |
| Main Forests | Sundarbans (largest mangrove forest), Satchari National Park |
| Main Recognized Natural Habitats | Sundarbans Reserve Forest, Satchari National Park, Lawachara National Park |
Biggest in the Bangladesh :
| Category | Information |
|---|---|
| Biggest in the Country | Sundarbans Mangrove Forest |
| Richest Man | Musa Bin Shamser has so far earned 1.5 billion dollars from his immigration business. |
| Biggest Company | BEXIMCO is Bangladesh’s largest conglomerate, with the largest market capitalisation on the country’s stock market. |
| Tallest Building | City Centre Dhaka at 171 meters. |
| Tallest Statue | Jahangirnagar University has erected the country’s tallest Shaheed Minar on its campus to commemorate Language Movement martyrs. |
| Biggest Bridge | The 6km-long steel-built Padma Bridge is a game-changer for Bangladesh, connecting 21 southwestern districts to the capital of Dhaka. |
| Tallest Mountain | Saka Haphong, the highest peak in Bangladesh, at an altitude of 2,539 m (8,330 ft). |
| Longest River | The Padma River, flowing generally southeast for 356 kilometres (221 mi) to its confluence with the Meghna River near the Bay of Bengal. |
| Biggest Forest | The Sundarbans Reserve Forest (SRF), located in the south-west of Bangladesh between the river Baleswar in the East and the Harinbanga in the West, adjoining to the Bay of Bengal, is the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world. |
| Biggest Lake | Kaptai Lake, the largest man-made lake in Bangladesh, located in the Kaptai Upazila under Rangamati District of Chittagong Division, with a catchment area of 11,122 km2. |
Brief History Of Bangladesh :
Here’s a concise history of Bangladesh :
Ancient Bangladesh (Before 1200 CE):
- Bangladesh has a rich ancient history. The region was part of various ancient empires and civilizations, including the Maurya and Gupta Empires.
- The Pala Empire, a significant Buddhist dynasty, ruled Bengal during the 8th to 12th centuries. This era saw remarkable cultural and economic growth, with centers of learning like Vikramashila and Nalanda flourishing in the region.
Medieval Period (1200 – 1757 CE):
- Bengal experienced the rule of the Delhi Sultanate from the 13th century, followed by the Bengal Sultanate in the 14th century.
- The Mughal Empire brought Bengal under its control in the early 17th century. It was a prosperous period known for cultural and economic achievements, especially during the reign of Emperor Akbar.
Modern Era (1757 – 1947 CE):
- The British East India Company defeated the Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey in 1757, leading to British rule over Bengal.
- During British colonial rule, Bengal faced famines, socio-economic changes, and movements for independence.
- The region was part of undivided British India until 1947.
Recent History (1947 – Present):
- In 1947, British India was divided into India and Pakistan based on religious lines. East Bengal became part of Pakistan, known as East Pakistan.
- Linguistic and cultural differences between East and West Pakistan led to significant tensions.
- The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 resulted in independence from Pakistan, following a bloody conflict and the intervention of India.
- Sheikh Mujibur Rahman became the founding father of Bangladesh, serving as its first President. However, political turmoil, coups, and changes in leadership characterized the early years of Bangladesh’s independence.
- Bangladesh gradually stabilized and focused on economic development, although the country faced challenges such as natural disasters, political unrest, and socio-economic issues.
This history outlines the evolution of Bangladesh from ancient times to its emergence as an independent nation and its subsequent journey through various periods of governance and development.
