China and its 66 important Details for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams

China and its Details Like , Capital, GDP, Currency, Geography, Economy, Defence, Culture, Natural resources, Habitat, Sports and all you want to know for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams.

China and its Basic Details :

Attribute	Information
Name of the country	China
Capital	Beijing
Independence day	October 1, 1949 (People’s Republic of China)
Major religions	Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity, Others
Currency	Renminbi (yuan) (CNY)
Continent	Asia
Top 5 Famous cities	Beijing, Shanghai, Xi’an, Chengdu, Guangzhou
Top 10 Famous persons	Confucius, Mao Zedong, Sun Yat-sen, Jackie Chan, Yao Ming, Jet Li, Xi Jinping, Jack Ma, Bruce Lee, Zhou Enlai
Type of government	Communist state
Main wars fought	Sino-Japanese War, Korean War, Sino-Indian War, Opium Wars
GDP	$14.34 trillion (2020)
5 popular tourist places	The Great Wall, The Forbidden City, The Terracotta Army, The Yellow Mountains, West Lake

Geography of China :

Category	Information
Geography	Vast and varied terrain encompassing mountains, plateaus, deserts, plains, and coastline
Area (Square Kilometers)	Approximately 9.6 million square kilometers
Population	Over 1.4 billion
5 Main Mountain Ranges	Himalayas, Kunlun Mountains, Tian Shan, Altai Mountains, Qinling Mountains
5 Main Mountain Peaks	Mount Everest (On Nepal China border), Kangchenjunga (On Nepal China border), Lhotse, Makalu
5 Main Rivers	Yangtze River, Yellow River (Huang He), Pearl River, Mekong River, Yarlung Tsangpo River
Main Lakes	Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake, Qinghai Lake, Hongze Lake
Deserts	Gobi Desert, Taklamakan Desert
Plateau	Tibetan Plateau
Volcanoes	Changbaishan, Wudalianchi, Tengchong, Jingbo Lake, Qiangbaishan
5 Main Crops and Vegetation	Rice, Wheat, Corn, Tea, Cotton
Main Beaches	Hainan Island beaches (e.g., Yalong Bay), Beidaihe Beach, Xiamen Beaches, Sanya Beaches, Qingdao Beaches
Neighbouring Countries	Mongolia, Russia, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar
Nearby Sea and Oceans	Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, Bohai Sea, Sea of Japan
Length of Coastline	Approximately 14,500 kilometers
Top 5 Natural Resources	Coal, Iron ore, Petroleum, Natural gas, Rare earth elements

Economy of China :

Category	Information
Major Industries	Manufacturing, Technology, Agriculture, Construction, Retail
Revenue Sources	Manufacturing, Services, Agriculture, Construction, Mining
Top 10 Companies	Tencent Holdings, Alibaba Group, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, PetroChina, Sinopec, Huawei, Ping An Insurance
Per Capita Income	Approximately $10,410 (as of recent data)
Top 5 Imports	Integrated Circuits, Crude Petroleum, Iron Ore, Cars, Gold
Top 5 Exports	Broadcasting Equipment, Computers, Office Machine Parts, Integrated Circuits, Telephones
Total Gold Reserves	Around 1,948.3 tons (as of 2023)

Defence Power of China :

Category	Information
Defence of the country	People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
Size of Defence budget	$252 billion (2023)
Total number of Army personnel	2,035,000 (2023)
Total Number of Air Force personnel	350,000 (2023)
Total number of Navy personnel	355,000 (2023)
Total Defence Imports	$1.7 billion (2022)
Total Defence Export	$5.2 billion (2022)

Cultural of China :

Category	Information
Main Festivals	Chinese New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival
Main Religious Places	Temple of Heaven, Shaolin Temple, Potala Palace, Jiuhua Mountain, Lhasa
Main Arts and Dances	Peking Opera, Chinese Calligraphy, Chinese Painting, Lion Dance, Dragon Dance
Main Languages	Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Hokkien, Hakka
Famous Food and Cuisines	Peking Duck, Dim Sum, Hot Pot, Kung Pao Chicken, Xiaolongbao
UNESCO Protected Buildings	The Great Wall, Forbidden City, Mogao Caves, Potala Palace, Summer Palace

Sports in China :

Category	Information
National Game	Table Tennis
Main Sports	Badminton, Basketball, Football (Soccer), Gymnastics, Volleyball
Top Athletes	Yao Ming (Basketball), Lin Dan (Badminton), Li Na (Tennis), Liu Xiang (Track and Field), Ding Ning (Table Tennis)
Top Sports Achievements	Highest Gold Medal Tally in 2008 Beijing Olympics, Success in Badminton and Table Tennis at World Championships, Dominance in Gymnastics

Natural Habitat and wild life of China :

Category	Information
National Animal	Giant Panda
National Bird	Red-crowned Crane
Main Forests	Hinggan Forest, Changbai Mountain Forest, Tropical Forests
Main Recognized Natural Habitats	Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

Biggest in the China :

Category	Information
Biggest	Yangtze River
Richest Man	Zhong Shanshan (Chairman of Nongfu Spring Co.)
Biggest Company	Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC)
Tallest Building	Shanghai Tower
Tallest Statue	Spring Temple Buddha
Biggest Bridge	Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge
Tallest Mountain	Mount Everest (On Nepal border)
Longest River	Yangtze River
Biggest Forest	Taihang Mountains
Biggest Lake	Qinghai Lake

Brief History Of China :

This country’s history is an extensive tapestry woven with ancient civilizations, dynastic reigns, cultural revolutions, and contemporary shifts. Here’s a brief overview:

Ancient China:

• Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties (c. 2070–256 BCE): Early Chinese civilization emerged along the Yellow River. Dynastic rule began with the Xia Dynasty, followed by the Shang and Zhou, establishing the basis for political organization, culture, and societal structures.
• Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BCE–220 CE): The Qin Dynasty unified this country and standardized writing, measurements, and currency. The subsequent Han Dynasty expanded the empire, embracing Confucianism and developing silk production.

Medieval Period:

• Three Kingdoms to Sui Dynasty (220–618 CE): This country fragmented into three states, later reunified under the Sui Dynasty. This era saw advancements in art, literature, and the construction of the Grand Canal.
• Tang and Song Dynasties (618–1279 CE): Flourishing arts, sciences, and trade characterized this period. The Tang Dynasty saw prosperity and cultural growth, followed by the Song Dynasty that witnessed innovations in printing, gunpowder, and porcelain.

Modern Era:

• Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties (1279–1912 CE): The Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty succeeded the Song, followed by the Ming and Qing Dynasties. These periods saw economic expansion, cultural achievements, but also social unrest, foreign invasions, and the Opium Wars leading to Qing decline.

Recent History:

• The Republic of China (1912–1949): The fall of the Qing Dynasty led to the establishment of the Republic of China under Sun Yat-sen. This period was marked by political upheavals, warlordism, and later, conflict with Japan during World War II.
• Chinese Civil War and Communist Era (1945–present): After World War II, the Chinese Civil War ensued between the Nationalists (led by Chiang Kai-shek) and the Communists (led by Mao Zedong). The Communists emerged victorious in 1949, establishing the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Mao initiated radical policies, including the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, impacting this country’s socio-political landscape.
• Post-Mao Reform and Opening-up (late 1970s–present): After Mao’s death, Deng Xiaoping led this country into economic reforms, opening up to foreign investment and modernization while maintaining Communist Party control. This country underwent rapid industrialization, becoming a global economic powerhouse.

Throughout its history, this country’s cultural, political, and economic evolution has shaped its global influence, contributing significantly to human civilization while facing various internal and external challenges.

This overview outlines the vast historical journey of this country, encompassing its ancient roots, dynastic periods, revolutionary shifts, and its emergence as a modern superpower.

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