Canada and its 66 important Details for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams

Canada and its Details Like , Capital, GDP, Currency, Geography, Economy, Defence, Culture, Natural resources, Habitat, Sports and all you want to know for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams.

Canada and its Basic Details :

Attribute	Information
Name of the country	Canada
Capital	Ottawa
Independence day	July 1, 1867 (from the United Kingdom)
Major religions	Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
Currency	Canadian Dollar (CAD)
Continent	North America
Top 5 Famous cities	Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa
Top 10 Famous persons	Justin Trudeau, Wayne Gretzky, Celine Dion, James Cameron, Leonard Cohen, Jim Carrey, Ryan Reynolds, Shania Twain, Michael J. Fox, Drake
Type of government	Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
Main wars fought	World War I, World War II, Korean War, War in Afghanistan
GDP	$1.64 trillion (2021)
5 popular tourist places	1. Banff National Park

Geography of Canada :

Category	Information
Geography	Canada is located in North America
Area (sq. km)	9,984,670
Population	Approximately 38 million
5 Main Mountain Ranges	Appalachian, Torngat, Coast, Rocky, St. Elias
5 Main Mountain Peaks	Mount Logan, Mount Saint Elias, Mount Robson, Mount Columbia, Mount Waddington
5 Main Rivers	Mackenzie, St. Lawrence, Yukon, Fraser, Nelson
Main Lakes	Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Winnipeg, Athabasca, Superior
Deserts	There are no significant deserts
Plateau	Laurentian Plateau
Volcanoes	There are volcanoes in British Columbia, but none currently active
5 Main Crops and Vegetation	Wheat, Barley, Canola, Corn, Potatoes
Main Beaches	Wasaga Beach, Long Beach, Tofino Beach, Cavendish Beach, Parlee Beach
Neighbouring Countries	United States
Nearby Sea and Oceans	Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean
Coastline Length (km)	Approximately 202,080 km
Top 5 Natural Resources	Timber, Minerals (gold, nickel, copper, zinc), Fisheries, Hydroelectric power, Oil

Economy of Canada :

Category	Information
Major Industries	Manufacturing, Mining, Technology, Agriculture, Services
Revenue Sources	Natural Resources, Manufacturing, Services, Agriculture, Trade
Top 10 Companies	Royal Bank of Canada, Toronto-Dominion Bank, Suncor Energy, Canadian National Railway, Bank of Nova Scotia, Enbridge, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Brookfield Asset Management, Shopify, BCE Inc.
Per Capita Income	Approximately $51,000 USD (as of 2023)
Top 5 Imports	Machinery, Vehicles, Electrical Machinery, Plastics, Pharmaceuticals
Top 5 Exports	Vehicles, Machinery, Mineral Fuels, Wood, Plastics
Total Gold Reserves	Approximately 3.5 million ounces

Defence Power of Canada :

Category	Information
Defence Budget	$29.2 billion (2023-2024)
Total Army Personnel	68,000
Total Air Force Personnel	12,000
Total Navy Personnel	8,000
Total Defence Imports	$1.5 billion (2022)
Total Defence Exports	$1.2 billion (2022)

Cultural of Canada :

Category	Information
Main Festivals	Calgary Stampede, Winterlude, Montreal International Jazz Festival, Toronto International Film Festival, Quebec Winter Carnival
Religious Places	Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal), St. Michael’s Cathedral (Toronto), St. Joseph’s Oratory (Montreal), Christ Church Cathedral (Vancouver), Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica (Ottawa)
Arts and Dances	Indigenous Powwows, Inuit Throat Singing, Ballet, Contemporary Dance, Indigenous Art
Main Languages	English, French, Indigenous languages (e.g., Cree, Inuktitut)
Famous Food and Cuisines	Poutine, Maple Syrup, Butter Tarts, Nanaimo Bars, BeaverTails
UNESCO Protected Buildings	Old Quebec City, Rideau Canal (Ottawa), SGang Gwaay (Haida Gwaii), Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump (Alberta), Historic District of Old Montreal

Sports in Canada :

Category	Information
National Game	Ice Hockey
Main Sports	Ice Hockey, Lacrosse, Soccer, Basketball, Baseball
Top Athletes	Sidney Crosby (Ice Hockey), Christine Sinclair (Soccer), Milos Raonic (Tennis), Penny Oleksiak (Swimming), Donovan Bailey (Track and Field)
Top Sports Achievements	Winning the gold medal in Ice Hockey at the Winter Olympics multiple times, Christine Sinclair becoming Canada’s all-time leading goal scorer in soccer, Donovan Bailey winning the 100m gold at the Olympics

Natural Habitat and wild life of Canada :

Category	Information
Natural Habitat	Tundra, Boreal forest, Rainforest, Grasslands, Mountains
Wildlife	Moose, Grizzly bear, Polar bear, Caribou, Bald eagle
National Animal	Beaver
National Bird	Gray jay
Main Forests	Boreal forest, Great Bear Rainforest, Acadian forest
Recognized Natural Habitats for Animals	Jasper National Park, Banff National Park, Pacific Rim National Park Reserve

Biggest in the Canada :

Category	Information
Biggest country in American Continent	Canada
Richest person	David Thomson
Biggest company	Royal Bank of Canada
Tallest building	CN Tower
Tallest statue	Terry Fox Memorial
Biggest bridge	Champlain Bridge
Highest mountain	Mount Logan
Longest river	Mackenzie River
Biggest forest	Boreal Forest
Biggest lake	Lake Superior

Brief History Of Canada :

This Country’s history is diverse and rich, spanning thousands of years. Here’s a brief overview covering the key periods:

Ancient Canada:

• Indigenous peoples, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit, have inhabited Canada for millennia, with diverse cultures and societies.
• Before European colonization, these groups established complex civilizations, engaged in trade, agriculture, and established unique cultures and languages across the land.
• Ancient civilizations like the Inuit in the Arctic, Haudenosaunee in the East, and Coast Salish in the West thrived with distinct cultural practices.

Medieval Period:

• The arrival of European explorers in the late 15th century, including John Cabot and Jacques Cartier, marked the beginning of European involvement in Canada.
• Early explorations by the French and English led to the establishment of fur trading posts and settlements, such as Quebec City by Samuel de Champlain in 1608.
• Conflict and competition arose between European powers, particularly the French and British, over control of Canadian territories.

Modern Era:

• The British won control over most of this Country after the Seven Years’ War in 1763, leading to the Treaty of Paris and the subsequent British rule over Canada.
• The Confederation of Canada occurred in 1867, uniting several provinces into a semi-autonomous dominion within the British Empire.
• Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Canada underwent rapid industrialization, immigration, and expansion westward, aided by the construction of the transcontinental railway.

Recent History:

• Canada experienced significant socio-political changes in the 20th century, including women’s suffrage, social welfare reforms, and increased autonomy from British governance.
• World War I and World War II saw significant Canadian contributions and sacrifices on the international stage.
• Canada’s policies shifted towards multiculturalism, embracing diversity, and advocating for human rights, leading to changes in immigration policies and the official recognition of multiculturalism in 1971.
• Recent years have seen a focus on reconciliation efforts with Indigenous peoples, acknowledging historical injustices and working towards addressing social and economic disparities.
• This Country remains a democratic federal state, celebrating its cultural diversity while facing ongoing challenges related to Indigenous rights, environmental issues, and socio-economic disparities.

Throughout its history, Canada has evolved from Indigenous societies to a modern, multicultural nation, shaped by various influences, conflicts, and significant social and political changes.

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