Bangladesh and its 66 important Details for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams

Bangladesh and its Details Like , Capital, GDP, Currency, Geography, Economy, Defence, Culture, Natural resources, Habitat, Sports and all you want to know for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams.

Bangladesh and its Basic Details :

Attribute	Information
Name of the country	Bangladesh
Capital	Dhaka
Independence day	March 26, 1971
Major religions	Islam (Official), Hinduism
Currency	Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)
Continent	Asia
Top 5 Famous cities	Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet
Top 10 Famous persons	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Muhammad Yunus, Fazle Hasan Abed, Atiur Rahman, Abdus Sattar, Muhammad Shahidullah, AK Fazlul Huq, Begum Rokeya
Type of government	Unitary parliamentary democracy
Main wars fought	Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)
GDP	$352.4 billion (2021)
5 popular tourist places	1. Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, 2. Cox’s Bazar Beach, 3. Srimangal, 4. Rangamati, 5. Sonargaon (Panam City)

Geography of Bangladesh :

Category	Information
Geography	Situated in South Asia, Bangladesh has diverse landscapes including rivers, hills, and plains.
Area (sq km)	Approximately 147,570 square kilometers.
Population	Around 170 million people (as of 2023 estimates).
Main Mountain Ranges	Chittagong Hill Tracts, Sylhet Hills, Bandarban Hills, Sitakunda Hills, Mymensingh Hills.
Main Mountain Peaks	Keokradong, Tahjindong, Mowdok Mual, Saka Haphong, Rang Tlang.
Main Rivers	Padma, Jamuna, Meghna, Brahmaputra, Karnaphuli.
Main Lakes	Kaptai Lake, Hakaluki Haor, Gopalganj-Khulna Beel, Boga Lake, Chandpur Barachatra Haor.
Deserts	Bangladesh does not have any desert areas.
Plateau	Madhupur Tract, Barind Tract.
Volcanoes	Bangladesh is not in a volcanic zone and doesn’t have active volcanoes.
Main Crops and Vegetation	Rice, Jute, Tea, Sugarcane, Vegetables.
Main Beaches	Cox’s Bazar Beach, Kuakata Beach, Saint Martin’s Island Beach.
Neighbouring Countries	India and Myanmar share boundaries with Bangladesh.
Nearby Seas and Oceans	Bay of Bengal.
Length of Coastline	Approximately 580 kilometers.
Top 5 Natural Resources	Natural gas, Coal, Limestone, Silica sand, Arable land.

Economy of Bangladesh :

Category	Information
Major Industries	Textiles, Garments, Agriculture, Pharmaceuticals, Information Technology
Main Revenue Sources	Apparel exports, Remittances, Agriculture, Leather goods, Pharmaceuticals
Top 10 Companies	Grameenphone, BRAC Bank, Dhaka Bank, Square Pharmaceuticals, Beximco Pharmaceuticals, Renata Limited,
	United Commercial Bank, ACI Limited, Islami Bank Bangladesh, Robi Axiata Limited
Per Capita Income	Approximately $2,227 (as of 2023).
Top 5 Imports	Machinery and equipment, Chemicals, Iron and steel, Textiles, Petroleum products
Top 5 Exports	Textiles and garments, Agriculture products (mainly rice and jute), Leather goods, Pharmaceuticals,
	Frozen fish and seafood
Total Gold Reserves	Approximately 14 metric tons (as of 2023).

Defence Power of Bangladesh :

Category	Information
Bangladesh Armed Forces	Comprises the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
Commander-in-Chief	The President of Bangladesh serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
Defense Budget	Estimated at $3.2 billion for 2023, roughly 1.3% of the country’s GDP.
Army Personnel	Approximately 160,000 active personnel in the Bangladesh Army.
Air Force Personnel	The Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) includes around 12,000 active personnel.
Navy Personnel	The Bangladesh Navy (BN) consists of approximately 18,000 active personnel.
Defense Imports	Bangladesh’s total defense imports in 2022 were estimated at $1.13 billion.
Defense Exports	The country’s total defense exports in 2022 were estimated to be $150 million.

Cultural of Bangladesh :

Category	Information
Main Festivals	Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year), Durga Puja, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha, Buddha Purnima
Main Religious Places	Baitul Mukarram Mosque, Lalbagh Fort, Dhakeshwari Temple, Kantaji Temple, Sompur Mahavihara
Main Arts and Dances	Nakshi Kantha (embroidered quilt), Patachitra (traditional scroll painting), Baul music, Jatra (folk theater), Manipuri dance
Main Languages	Bengali (Bangla)
Famous Food and Cuisines	Biriyani, Pitha (traditional cake), Hilsa fish curry, Panta Bhat (fermented rice), Fuchka (street food)
UNESCO Protected Buildings	Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur, Sundarbans, Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat, The Sixty Dome Mosque, The Mosque City of Bagerhat

Sports in Bangladesh :

Category	Information
National Game	Kabaddi
Main Sports	Cricket, Football, Kabaddi, Field Hockey
Top Athletes	Mashrafe Mortaza (Cricket), Kazi Salahuddin (Football)
Top Sports Achievements	Bangladesh U-19 Cricket team reaching World Cup Finals, Bangladesh National Cricket team wins against England in 2015 World Cup

Natural Habitat and wild life of Bangladesh :

Category	Information
National Animal	Royal Bengal Tiger
National Bird	Oriental Magpie-Robin
Main Forests	Sundarbans (largest mangrove forest), Satchari National Park
Main Recognized Natural Habitats	Sundarbans Reserve Forest, Satchari National Park, Lawachara National Park

Biggest in the Bangladesh :

Category	Information
Biggest in the Country	Sundarbans Mangrove Forest
Richest Man	Musa Bin Shamser has so far earned 1.5 billion dollars from his immigration business.
Biggest Company	BEXIMCO is Bangladesh’s largest conglomerate, with the largest market capitalisation on the country’s stock market.
Tallest Building	City Centre Dhaka at 171 meters.
Tallest Statue	Jahangirnagar University has erected the country’s tallest Shaheed Minar on its campus to commemorate Language Movement martyrs.
Biggest Bridge	The 6km-long steel-built Padma Bridge is a game-changer for Bangladesh, connecting 21 southwestern districts to the capital of Dhaka.
Tallest Mountain	Saka Haphong, the highest peak in Bangladesh, at an altitude of 2,539 m (8,330 ft).
Longest River	The Padma River, flowing generally southeast for 356 kilometres (221 mi) to its confluence with the Meghna River near the Bay of Bengal.
Biggest Forest	The Sundarbans Reserve Forest (SRF), located in the south-west of Bangladesh between the river Baleswar in the East and the Harinbanga in the West, adjoining to the Bay of Bengal, is the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world.
Biggest Lake	Kaptai Lake, the largest man-made lake in Bangladesh, located in the Kaptai Upazila under Rangamati District of Chittagong Division, with a catchment area of 11,122 km2.

Brief History Of Bangladesh :

Here’s a concise history of Bangladesh :

Ancient Bangladesh (Before 1200 CE):

• Bangladesh has a rich ancient history. The region was part of various ancient empires and civilizations, including the Maurya and Gupta Empires.
• The Pala Empire, a significant Buddhist dynasty, ruled Bengal during the 8th to 12th centuries. This era saw remarkable cultural and economic growth, with centers of learning like Vikramashila and Nalanda flourishing in the region.

Medieval Period (1200 – 1757 CE):

• Bengal experienced the rule of the Delhi Sultanate from the 13th century, followed by the Bengal Sultanate in the 14th century.
• The Mughal Empire brought Bengal under its control in the early 17th century. It was a prosperous period known for cultural and economic achievements, especially during the reign of Emperor Akbar.

Modern Era (1757 – 1947 CE):

• The British East India Company defeated the Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey in 1757, leading to British rule over Bengal.
• During British colonial rule, Bengal faced famines, socio-economic changes, and movements for independence.
• The region was part of undivided British India until 1947.

Recent History (1947 – Present):

• In 1947, British India was divided into India and Pakistan based on religious lines. East Bengal became part of Pakistan, known as East Pakistan.
• Linguistic and cultural differences between East and West Pakistan led to significant tensions.
• The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 resulted in independence from Pakistan, following a bloody conflict and the intervention of India.
• Sheikh Mujibur Rahman became the founding father of Bangladesh, serving as its first President. However, political turmoil, coups, and changes in leadership characterized the early years of Bangladesh’s independence.
• Bangladesh gradually stabilized and focused on economic development, although the country faced challenges such as natural disasters, political unrest, and socio-economic issues.

This history outlines the evolution of Bangladesh from ancient times to its emergence as an independent nation and its subsequent journey through various periods of governance and development.

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