Algeria and its 66 important Details for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams

Algeria and its Details Like , Capital, GDP, Currency, Geography, Economy, Defence, Culture, Natural resources, Habitat, Sports and all you want to know for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams.

Algeria and its Basic Details :

Attribute	Information
Name of the country	Algeria
Capital	Algiers
Independence day	July 5, 1962
Major religions	Islam
Currency	Algerian Dinar (DZD)
Continent	Africa
Top 5 Famous cities	Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Annaba, Tlemcen
Top 10 Famous persons	Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Houari Boumediene, Emir Abdelkader, Mouloud Mammeri, Amina Zoubir, Khaled, Hocine Aït Ahmed, Assia Djebar, Redha Malek, Hocine Benhadid
Type of government	Unitary semi-presidential republic
Main wars fought	Algerian War of Independence, Civil War in the 1990s
GDP	$170 billion (2021)
5 popular tourist places	1. Sahara Desert, 2. Algiers, 3. Timgad, 4. Oran, 5. Tipasa

Geography of Algeria:

Category	Information
Area	Approximately 2.38 million square kilometers
Population	Around 44 million (approximation)
Main Mountain Ranges	Atlas Mountains, Saharan Atlas, Tell Atlas
Main Mountain Peaks	Mount Tahat, Mount Babor, Mount Chelia
Main Rivers	Nile River, Chelif River, Moulouya River
Main Lakes	Chott Ech Chergui, Chott Melrhir, Chott el Hodna
Deserts	Sahara Desert
Plateau	Algerian Desert
Volcanoes	Hoggar Mountains
Main Crops and Vegetation	Wheat, Barley, Citrus Fruits, Grapes, Olives
Main Beaches	Ain El Turk Beach, Algiers Beach, Bomo Plage
Neighboring Countries	Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Mali
Nearby Seas and Oceans	Mediterranean Sea
Length of Coastline	Approximately 998 kilometers
Top 5 Natural Resources	Petroleum, Natural Gas, Iron Ore, Phosphates, Uranium

Economy of Algeria:

Category	Information
Major Industries	Petroleum, Natural Gas, Mining, Agriculture, Construction
Revenue Sources	Oil & Gas, Agriculture, Mining, Manufacturing, Services
Top 10 Companies	Sonatrach, Sonelgaz, Cevital, Condor Electronics, Algerie Telecom
Per Capita Income	Approximately $4,000 – $5,000 (approximation)
Top 5 Imports	Machinery, Foodstuffs, Electrical and electronic equipment, Pharmaceuticals, Iron and steel
Top 5 Exports	Petroleum, Natural Gas, Iron and Steel, Fertilizers, Dates
Total Gold Reserves	Estimated around 173.6 tonnes (approximation)

Defence Power of Algeria:

Category	Information
Defence Budget	Approximately $16.7 billion USD (2023 estimation)
Army Personnel	Around 465,000 (approximation)
Air Force Personnel	Around 14,000 (approximation)
Navy Personnel	Approximately 6,000 (approximation)
Defence Imports	Varied; historical data indicates imports for equipment and technology
Defence Exports	Limited export of military equipment and small arms

Cultural of Algeria:

Category	Information
Main Festivals	1. Yennayer (Amazigh New Year)
	2. Mawlid an-Nabi (Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday)
	3. Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan)
	4. Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice)
	5. Independence Day (July 5th)
Religious Places	1. Great Mosque of Algiers
	2. Ketchaoua Mosque
	3. Abderrahmane Rahmani Mosque
	4. Emir Abdelkader Mosque
	5. Djamaa el Kebir Mosque
Arts and Dances	1. Rai music
	2. Chaabi music
	3. Andalusian classical music
	4. Traditional Ahellil dance
	5. Kabyle dance
Languages	Arabic (official), Berber (Tamazight), French
Famous Food	1. Couscous
and Cuisines	2. Tagine
	3. Chakchouka
	4. Mechoui
	5. Makroudh
UNSCO Protected	1. Al Qal’a of Beni Hammad
Buildings	2. Casbah of Algiers
	3. Timgad
	4. Tipasa
	5. M’zab Valley

Sports in Algeria:

Category	Information
National Game	Football
Main Sports	Football, Handball, Athletics, Boxing, Basketball
Top Athletes	Taoufik Makhloufi (Athletics), Hocine Soltani (Boxing), Kheireddine Zetchi (Football), Ismael Bouzid (Football), Nourredine Morceli (Athletics)
Top Sports Achievements	– Olympic gold in Men’s 1500m (1996, Atlanta) by Noureddine Morceli
	– Olympic gold in Women’s 3000m (2000, Sydney) by Nouria Merah-Benida
	– Olympic gold in Men’s 3000m steeplechase (2000, Sydney) by Brahim Boulami
	– 1982 FIFA World Cup participation
	– 2019 Africa Cup of Nations participation

Natural Habitat and wild life of Algeria:

Category	Information
National Animal	Fennec Fox
National Bird	Northern Bald Ibis
Main Forests	Tellian Atlas Forests, Saharan Atlas Forests
Recognized Natural Habitats	Tassili n’Ajjer National Park, Ahaggar National Park, Taza National Park, Djurdjura National Park

Biggest in the Algeria:

Category	Information
Biggest in the Country	Tassili n’Ajjer National Park
Richest Man	Issad Rebrab
Biggest Company	Sonatrach (Oil and Gas company)
Tallest Building	Great Mosque of Algiers
Tallest Statue	Monument of the Martyrs
Biggest Bridge	Sidi Rached Bridge
Tallest Mountain	Mount Tahat in the Ahaggar Mountains
Longest River	Chelif River
Biggest Forest	Tellian Atlas Forests
Biggest Lake	Lake Chott Melrhir

Brief History Of Algeria:

Ancient Algeria:

Ancient Algeria was inhabited by various Berber tribes. The region saw the rise and fall of powerful ancient civilizations, including the Carthaginians and Numidians. Carthage, a significant Phoenician colony, had influence in this region before the Roman conquest in 146 BC.

Medieval Period:

During the medieval period, Algeria witnessed the Arab-Islamic conquest in the 7th century. The Arab-Berber Muslim dynasties, such as the Berber Almohad and Almoravid empires, left a significant cultural and religious imprint on the region.

Ottoman Rule and Colonial Era:

The Ottoman Empire ruled over parts of Algeria from the 16th to the 19th century, leading to an era marked by conflicts and regional instability. In 1830, France invaded Algeria, marking the beginning of the French colonial period.

Struggle for Independence:

The Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962) against French colonial rule was a pivotal phase. It was characterized by significant resistance movements led by the National Liberation Front (FLN) and a protracted conflict resulting in Algeria’s eventual independence in 1962.

Modern Era:

Post-independence, Algeria established itself as a republic with Ahmed Ben Bella becoming its first president. The country adopted a socialist-inspired system and pursued a policy of non-alignment during the Cold War.

Recent History:

In the late 20th century and early 21st century, Algeria faced challenges such as political instability, economic difficulties, and internal conflicts, notably the Algerian Civil War (1991-2002). The country underwent various political reforms and constitutional changes to stabilize its governance structure.

Algeria has continued to be a significant regional player, contributing to regional affairs and diplomacy in North Africa and the broader Arab world.

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