Indonesia and its 66 important Details for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams

Indonesia and its Details Like , Capital, GDP, Currency, Geography, Economy, Defence, Culture, Natural resources, Habitat, Sports and all you want to know for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams.

Indonesia and its Basic Details :

Attribute	Description
Name	Indonesia
Capital	Jakarta
Independence Day	August 17, 1945
Major Religions	Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism
Currency	Indonesian Rupiah (IDR)
Continent	Asia
Top 5 Famous Cities	Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Semarang
Top 10 Famous Persons	Sukarno, Joko Widodo, Prabowo Subianto, Megawati Sukarnoputri, Habibie, Suharto, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, Ani Yudhoyono, B. J. Habibie, Ridwan Kamil
Type of Government	Unitary Presidential Republic
Main Wars Fought	Indonesian National Revolution
GDP	Approximately $1.12 trillion (2021)
Popular Tourist Places	Bali, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Raja Ampat, Borobudur

Geography of Indonesia :

Category	Information
Area	Approximately 1.9 million square kilometers
Population	Over 270 million people
Main Mountain Ranges	Jayawijaya, Bukit Barisan, Muller, Meratus, Maoke
Main Mountain Peaks	Puncak Jaya, Kerinci, Rinjani, Semeru, Bromo
Main Rivers	Kapuas, Mahakam, Barito, Musi, Rajang
Main Lakes	Lake Toba, Lake Poso, Lake Sentarum, Lake Maninjau, Lake Matano
Deserts	None
Plateau	Dieng Plateau, Deformation Belt Plateau
Volcanoes	Krakatoa, Mount Merapi, Mount Rinjani, Mount Semeru, Mount Bromo
Main Crops and Vegetation	Rice, palm oil, rubber, coffee, cocoa
Main Beaches	Kuta Beach (Bali), Pink Beach (Komodo Island), Senggigi Beach (Lombok), Tanjung Bira (South Sulawesi), Tanjung Lesung (West Java)
Neighbouring Countries	Malaysia, East Timor, Papua New Guinea
Nearby Seas and Oceans	Java Sea, Bali Sea, Celebes Sea, Indian Ocean
Coastline Length	Approximately 54,720 kilometers
Top 5 Natural Resources	Coal, natural gas, tin, nickel, copper

Economy of Indonesia :

Category	Information
Major Industries	Petroleum, textiles, mining, apparel, tourism
Revenue Sources	Oil and gas, mining, agriculture, textiles, tourism
Top 10 Companies	Pertamina, Bank Central Asia, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Telkom Indonesia, Bank Mandiri, Astra International, Bank Negara Indonesia, Indofood Sukses Makmur, Unilever Indonesia, Perusahaan Gas Negara
Per Capita Income	Approximately $4,000 (USD)
Top 5 Imports	Machinery, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, equipment
Top 5 Exports	Mineral fuels, animal/vegetable fats, electrical machinery, machinery, rubber
Total Gold Reserves	Approximately 78.6 tons

Defence Power of Indonesia :

Category	Information
Defence Budget	$8.8 billion
Army Personnel	350,000 (2023)
Air Force Personnel	40,000 (2023)
Navy Personnel	70,000 (2023)
Defence Imports	$2.7 billion (2022)
Defence Exports	$0.4 billion (2022)

Cultural of Indonesia :

Category	Information
Cultural	Diverse and influenced by various cultures globally
5 Main Festivals	1. Nyepi (Day of Silence)
	2. Galungan
	3. Eid al-Fitr
	4. Christmas
	5. Independence Day
5 Main Religious Places	1. Borobudur Temple
	2. Prambanan Temple
	3. Tanah Lot Temple
	4. Pura Besakih
	5. Istiqlal Mosque
Main Arts and Dances	1. Wayang kulit (shadow puppetry)
	2. Gamelan (traditional music)
	3. Angklung (traditional bamboo orchestra)
	4. Kecak (traditional dance)
	5. Tari Pendet (traditional dance)
Main Languages	Indonesian (official), Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau
Famous Food and Cuisines	Rendang, Nasi goreng, Sate, Soto ayam, Gado-gado
5 UNESCO Protected Buildings	1. Borobudur Temple
	2. Prambanan Temple
	3. Sangiran Early Man Site
	4. Komodo National Park
	5. Lorentz National Park

Sports in Indonesia :

Category	Information
National Game	Badminton
Main Sports	1. Badminton
	2. Football (Soccer)
	3. Basketball
	4. Volleyball
	5. Pencak Silat (Indonesian martial art)
Top Athletes	1. Taufik Hidayat (Badminton)
	2. Bambang Pamungkas (Football)
	3. Eko Yuli Irawan (Weightlifting)
	4. Maria Kristin Yulianti (Badminton)
	5. Susi Susanti (Badminton)
Top Sports Achievements	1. Indonesia’s gold in Badminton at Olympics
	2. Football team’s victory in regional tournaments
	3. Pencak Silat achievements in Asian Games
	4. Weightlifting medals in international events
	5. Badminton dominance in international tournaments

Natural Habitat and wild life of Indonesia :

Category	Information
National Animal	Komodo Dragon
National Bird	Javan Hawk-eagle
Main Forests	1. Tesso Nilo National Park
	2. Gunung Leuser National Park
	3. Kerinci Seblat National Park
	4. Lore Lindu National Park
	5. Ujung Kulon National Park
Main Recognized Natural Habitats	1. Raja Ampat Coral Reefs
for Wild Animals	2. Tanjung Puting Orangutan Sanctuary
	3. Komodo National Park
	4. Mount Rinjani
	5. Way Kambas National Park

Biggest in the Indonesia :

Statistic	Value	Description
Largest state	Papua	Located in the western part of New Guinea, it is the largest province by area and the second most populous after East Java.
Richest person	Michael Hartono	The chairman and CEO of PT Hartono Istana Metalwork, a conglomerate that owns the largest cigarette manufacturer in Indonesia, PT Bentoel Internasional Investama.
Biggest company	Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI)	A state-owned bank and the largest bank in this country by total assets, loans, and deposits.
Tallest building	Jakarta Tower	A skyscraper located in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the tallest building in this country, with a height of 558 meters (1,831 feet).
Tallest statue	The Statue of Garuda Wisnu Kencana	A colossal statue of the Hindu god Garuda, located in Bali, of this country. It is the tallest statue in this country, with a height of 121 meters (397 feet).
Biggest bridge	Suramadu National Bridge	A road-rail suspension bridge that crosses the Madura Strait, connecting the islands of Madura and Java in this country.
Tallest mountain	Puncak Jaya	A mountain in the Grasberg Mountains of Western New Guinea, of this country. It is the highest mountain in this country, with a height of 4,884 meters (16,024 feet).
Longest river	Kapuas River	A river on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is the longest river in this country, with a total length of 1,143 kilometers (710 miles).
Biggest forest	Leuser Ecosystem	A tropical rainforest located in the northern part of Sumatra, of this country. It is the largest forest in this country, with an area of 2.6 million hectares (6.4 million acres).
Biggest lake	Toba Lake	A volcanic lake located in the northern part of Sumatra, of this country. It is the largest lake in this country, with an area of 1,145 square kilometers (442 square miles).

Brief History Of Indonesia :

A vast archipelago comprising over 17,000 islands, has a rich history that unfolds across distinct periods.

Ancient Indonesia:

• Prehistoric Era: Evidence suggests human habitation dating back to around 1.5 million years ago, with fossils and ancient tools found on various islands.
• Early Civilizations: Influential kingdoms emerged, such as the Srivijaya and Majapahit Empires, contributing to the region’s cultural, artistic, and economic prosperity. These empires had a strong maritime presence and engaged in trade with neighboring regions.

Medieval Period:

• Islamic Influence: During the 13th century, Islamic traders and missionaries brought Islam to the Indonesian archipelago. By the 16th century, several Islamic Sultanates, including the Sultanate of Malacca, had been established.
• European Arrival: The arrival of European powers, particularly the Portuguese and Dutch, in the 16th century, led to significant colonial influence, impacting trade and politics across the islands.

Modern Era:

• Colonial Rule: The Dutch East India Company established control over this Country’s spice trade, leading to Dutch colonization, which lasted for centuries. Indonesian resistance against colonial rule grew during the 20th century.
• Independence Movement: Influential figures like Sukarno and Hatta led the struggle for independence. After World War II, this Country declared independence on August 17, 1945, marking the end of Dutch rule.
• The Struggle for Independence: This Country’s road to independence was fraught with challenges, including conflicts with the Dutch and internal struggles, culminating in formal recognition of independence in 1949.

Recent History:

• Post-Independence Challenges: This Country faced challenges in nation-building, including socio-political issues and economic development. Sukarno’s presidency saw periods of political turbulence.
• Suharto Era: Suharto’s presidency (1967-1998) brought stability but was marked by authoritarianism. The nation experienced economic growth but also faced criticisms of human rights violations and corruption.
• Reform Era: Following Suharto’s resignation in 1998, This Country transitioned to a more democratic system. The Reformasi movement brought about political and social reforms, promoting democratic principles.
• Contemporary Indonesia: Present-day this Country is characterized by a thriving democracy, economic growth, diverse cultural heritage, and ongoing efforts to address socio-economic challenges, decentralization, and regional disparities.

Throughout its history, this Country’s cultural diversity, rich heritage, and geopolitical significance have shaped its identity as a vibrant and multifaceted nation.

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