Australia and its 66 important Details for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams

Australia and its Details Like , Capital, GDP, Currency, Geography, Economy, Defence, Culture, Natural resources, Habitat, Sports and all you want to know for UPSC, PSC and Other Competitive Exams.

Australia and its Basic Details :

Attribute	Information
Name of the country	Australia
Capital	Canberra
Independence day	Australia does not have an independence day. It was federated on January 1, 1901.
Major religions	Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism
Currency	Australian Dollar (AUD)
Continent	Australia/Oceania
Top 5 Famous cities	Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide
Top 10 Famous persons	Sir Donald Bradman, Cathy Freeman, Hugh Jackman, Nicole Kidman, Heath Ledger, Dame Edna Everage, Julia Gillard, Rupert Murdoch, AC/DC, Keith Urban
Type of government	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Main wars fought	World War I, World War II, Vietnam War
GDP	$1.4 trillion (2021)
5 popular tourist places	1. Sydney Opera House, 2. Great Barrier Reef, 3. Uluru (Ayers Rock), 4. Bondi Beach, 5. The Twelve Apostles

Geography of Australia :

Category	Information
Geography	Largest country in Oceania, located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Area	Approximately 7.7 million square kilometers
Population	Around 25 million
Mountain Ranges	Great Dividing Range, MacDonnell Ranges, Hamersley Range, Snowy Mountains, Flinders Ranges
Mountain Peaks	Mount Kosciuszko, Mount Ossa, Mount Bogong, Mount Townsend, Mount Zeil
Rivers	Murray River, Darling River, Murrumbidgee River, Lachlan River, Cooper Creek
Lakes	Lake Eyre, Lake Torrens, Lake Gairdner, Lake Carnegie, Lake Mackay
Deserts	Great Victoria Desert, Great Sandy Desert, Simpson Desert, Tanami Desert, Gibson Desert
Plateaus	Kimberley Plateau, Barkly Tableland, Atherton Tableland, MacDonnell Ranges Plateau, Central Australian Plateau
Volcanoes	Glass House Mountains, Mount Gambier, Mount Schank, Mount Warning, Mount Napier
Crops and Vegetation	Wheat, barley, sugarcane, grapes, cotton
Beaches	Bondi Beach, Whitehaven Beach, Cable Beach, Surfers Paradise Beach, Wineglass Bay
Neighboring Countries	Indonesia, East Timor, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Zealand
Nearby Seas and Oceans	Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean
Coastline Length	Over 25,000 kilometers
Natural Resources	Coal, iron ore, gold, natural gas, uranium

Economy of Australia :

Category	Information
Major Industries	Mining, finance, manufacturing, agriculture, tourism
Revenue Sources	Exports, tourism, education, mining, agriculture
Top 10 Companies	Commonwealth Bank, BHP, Westpac, CSL, ANZ, NAB, Woolworths, Wesfarmers, Macquarie Group, Telstra
Per Capita Income	Around $55,000 USD (approximate)
Top 5 Imports	Machinery, computers, vehicles, petroleum, telecommunications equipment
Top 5 Exports	Iron ore, coal, education-related services, natural gas, gold
Total Gold Reserves	Approximately 80 metric tons

Defence Power of Australia :

Category	Information
Defence Budget	Approximately $40 billion USD
Army Personnel	Around 30,000
Air Force Personnel	Around 15,000
Navy Personnel	Around 15,000
Defence Imports	Varies, significant imports of military equipment and is of $2700 million USD
Defence Exports	Varies, export of military technology and equipment and is of $1000 million USD

Cultural of Australia :

Category	Information
Main Festivals	Sydney Festival, Melbourne International Comedy Festival, Vivid Sydney, Adelaide Fringe, Woodford Folk Festival
Religious Places	St. Mary’s Cathedral (Sydney), St. Paul’s Cathedral (Melbourne), St. Patrick’s Cathedral (Melbourne), St. Peter’s Cathedral (Adelaide), St. John’s Anglican Cathedral (Brisbane)
Arts and Dances	Aboriginal art, Indigenous Australian dances, contemporary Australian art, ballet, street art
Languages	English (official), Indigenous languages (various)
Famous Food and Cuisines	Vegemite, Pavlova, Meat Pies, Lamingtons, Barramundi fish
UNESCO Protected Buildings	Sydney Opera House, Royal Exhibition Building (Melbourne), Fremantle Prison, Australian Convict Sites, Old Government House (Parramatta)

Sports in Australia :

Category	Information
National Game	Australian Rules Football (AFL)
Main Sports	Cricket, Rugby, Tennis, Swimming, Football (Soccer)
Top Athletes	Cathy Freeman (Athletics), Ian Thorpe (Swimming), Shane Warne (Cricket), Sally Pearson (Athletics), Adam Scott (Golf)
Top Sports Achievements	Hosting the Olympics (Sydney 2000), Winning Cricket World Cups, Olympic Gold Medals in Swimming and Athletics

Natural Habitat and wild life of Australia :

Category	Information
National Animal	Red Kangaroo
National Bird	Emu
Main Forests	Daintree Rainforest, Tarkine Rainforest, Otway Ranges, Blue Mountains
Main Recognized Natural Habitats	Great Barrier Reef, Kakadu National Park, Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Tasmania

Biggest in the Australia :

Category	Information
Biggest in Country	Mount Kosciuszko (Tallest Mountain)
Richest Man	Anthony Pratt (Pratt Industries)
Biggest Company	Wesfarmers (various sectors)
Tallest Building	Q1 Tower, Gold Coast (322.5 meters)
Tallest Statue	The Big Merino, Goulburn (15.2 meters)
Biggest Bridge	Sydney Harbour Bridge
Longest River	Murray River (2,508 kilometers)
Biggest Forest	Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area
Biggest Lake	Lake Eyre (Largest by area when full)

Brief History Of Afghanistan :

This country’s history spans millennia, marked by distinct periods:

Ancient Australia:

• Indigenous Settlement: Indigenous Australians, believed to have arrived over 50,000 years ago, developed diverse cultures, languages, and societies.
• Hunter-Gatherer Communities: Indigenous populations established complex societies based on hunting, gathering, and unique spiritual connections with the land.
• Dreamtime Stories: Rich oral traditions passed down Dreamtime stories, depicting the creation of the world and cultural beliefs.

Medieval Period:

• This country did not have a traditional medieval period akin to Europe due to its isolation from the Eurasian landmass.
• Indigenous societies continued their cultural practices, adapting to changing environments and maintaining a deep connection to their ancestral lands.

Modern Era:

• European Exploration and Colonization: European explorers like Captain James Cook reached Australia in the 18th century, leading to British colonization.
• First Fleet: In 1788, the First Fleet arrived, establishing a British penal colony at Port Jackson (Sydney) in New South Wales.
• Colonial Expansion: Colonization expanded across the continent, leading to conflicts with Indigenous populations and the dispossession of their lands.
• Gold Rush and Immigration: The mid-19th century saw a gold rush that attracted immigrants, contributing to the growth of cities and the economy.
• Federation and Independence: The colonies federated in 1901, forming the Commonwealth of Australia, gaining independence from Britain.

Recent History:

• World Wars: Australia participated in both World Wars, significantly impacting its economy and society.
• Post-War Boom: Post-World War II, this country experienced economic growth and social change, including immigration from diverse regions.
• Aboriginal Rights Movement: The latter half of the 20th century saw increased recognition of Indigenous rights and land rights movements.
• Multicultural Society: this country evolved into a multicultural society, embracing diverse cultures, languages, and traditions.
• Economic Development: The late 20th century and early 21st century witnessed Australia’s economic expansion, particularly in mining and technology sectors.
• Environmental Concerns: Recent years have seen a heightened focus on environmental conservation and sustainability, acknowledging Indigenous ecological knowledge.

Australia’s history is characterized by the coexistence of ancient Indigenous cultures with colonial and modern developments, shaping the nation’s identity, society, and cultural landscape.

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