{"id":49136,"date":"2026-04-08T10:55:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T05:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/?p=49136"},"modified":"2026-04-08T10:55:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T05:25:47","slug":"india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/","title":{"rendered":"India Fast Breeder Reactor Criticality 2026: PFBR Nuclear Milestone Explained for Exams"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#India_fast_breeder_reactor_criticality_2026_marks_a_major_nuclear_milestone_Learn_PFBR_features_importance_and_exam-focused_insights_for_UPSC_SSC_and_banking_exams\" >India fast breeder reactor criticality 2026 marks a major nuclear milestone. Learn PFBR features, importance, and exam-focused insights for UPSC, SSC, and banking exams.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Indias_Most_Advanced_Atomic_Reactor_Attains_Criticality_A_Major_Leap_in_Nuclear_Energy\" >India\u2019s Most Advanced Atomic Reactor Attains Criticality: A Major Leap in Nuclear Energy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Introduction_to_the_Milestone_Achievement\" >Introduction to the Milestone Achievement<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#What_is_Criticality_in_Nuclear_Reactors\" >What is Criticality in Nuclear Reactors?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Key_Features_of_the_Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor\" >Key Features of the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Role_in_Indias_Three-Stage_Nuclear_Programme\" >Role in India\u2019s Three-Stage Nuclear Programme<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Indigenous_Development_and_Strategic_Importance\" >Indigenous Development and Strategic Importance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Global_Significance_of_the_Achievement\" >Global Significance of the Achievement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Contribution_to_Clean_Energy_Goals\" >Contribution to Clean Energy Goals<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Why_This_News_is_Important\" >Why This News is Important<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Boost_to_Energy_Security\" >Boost to Energy Security<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Advancement_Towards_Self-Reliance\" >Advancement Towards Self-Reliance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Step_Towards_Sustainable_Development\" >Step Towards Sustainable Development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Strategic_and_Global_Importance\" >Strategic and Global Importance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Support_for_Long-Term_Nuclear_Vision\" >Support for Long-Term Nuclear Vision<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Historical_Context_of_Indias_Nuclear_Programme\" >Historical Context of India\u2019s Nuclear Programme<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Origin_of_the_Three-Stage_Nuclear_Strategy\" >Origin of the Three-Stage Nuclear Strategy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Development_of_Early_Nuclear_Reactors\" >Development of Early Nuclear Reactors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Evolution_Towards_Fast_Breeder_Technology\" >Evolution Towards Fast Breeder Technology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Future_Vision_Thorium-Based_Reactors\" >Future Vision: Thorium-Based Reactors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Decades_of_Scientific_Effort\" >Decades of Scientific Effort<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Key_Takeaways_from_This_News\" >Key Takeaways from This News<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#FAQs_Indias_Most_Advanced_Atomic_Reactor_Attains_Criticality\" >FAQs: India\u2019s Most Advanced Atomic Reactor Attains Criticality<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#1_What_is_the_Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor_PFBR\" >1. What is the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#2_What_does_%E2%80%9Ccriticality%E2%80%9D_mean_in_nuclear_science\" >2. What does \u201ccriticality\u201d mean in nuclear science?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#3_Which_organization_operates_the_PFBR\" >3. Which organization operates the PFBR?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#4_Under_which_nuclear_programme_does_PFBR_fall\" >4. Under which nuclear programme does PFBR fall?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#5_Why_are_fast_breeder_reactors_important\" >5. Why are fast breeder reactors important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#6_What_fuel_does_the_PFBR_use\" >6. What fuel does the PFBR use?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#7_How_does_PFBR_contribute_to_Indias_energy_security\" >7. How does PFBR contribute to India\u2019s energy security?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#8_Which_stage_of_the_nuclear_programme_does_PFBR_represent\" >8. Which stage of the nuclear programme does PFBR represent?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#9_What_is_the_significance_of_thorium_in_Indias_nuclear_strategy\" >9. What is the significance of thorium in India\u2019s nuclear strategy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#10_Which_countries_have_fast_breeder_reactor_technology\" >10. Which countries have fast breeder reactor technology?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\/#Some_Important_Current_Affairs_Links\" >Some Important Current Affairs Links<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"India_fast_breeder_reactor_criticality_2026_marks_a_major_nuclear_milestone_Learn_PFBR_features_importance_and_exam-focused_insights_for_UPSC_SSC_and_banking_exams\"><\/span>India fast breeder reactor criticality 2026 marks a major nuclear milestone. Learn PFBR features, importance, and exam-focused insights for UPSC, SSC, and banking exams.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_Most_Advanced_Atomic_Reactor_Attains_Criticality_A_Major_Leap_in_Nuclear_Energy\"><\/span>India\u2019s Most Advanced Atomic Reactor Attains Criticality: A Major Leap in Nuclear Energy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_the_Milestone_Achievement\"><\/span>Introduction to the Milestone Achievement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India has achieved a historic milestone in its nuclear energy programme with the successful attainment of <strong>criticality<\/strong> in its most advanced atomic reactor\u2014the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) located at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu. This development marks a significant advancement in India\u2019s long-term strategy for energy security and technological self-reliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Criticality_in_Nuclear_Reactors\"><\/span>What is Criticality in Nuclear Reactors?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Criticality refers to the stage when a nuclear reactor achieves a <strong>self-sustaining chain reaction<\/strong>, where the number of neutrons produced is sufficient to maintain continuous nuclear fission without external intervention. This is a crucial step before the reactor can begin full-scale electricity generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Features_of_the_Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor\"><\/span>Key Features of the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR is a <strong>500 MWe fast breeder reactor<\/strong>, indigenously designed and developed under India\u2019s nuclear programme. Unlike conventional reactors, it produces more fissile material than it consumes, making it highly efficient and sustainable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This reactor uses plutonium-based fuel and is capable of generating additional fuel for future use, thereby reducing dependence on imported nuclear materials. It represents a critical technological advancement for India\u2019s energy independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_in_Indias_Three-Stage_Nuclear_Programme\"><\/span>Role in India\u2019s Three-Stage Nuclear Programme<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR plays a central role in India\u2019s <strong>three-stage nuclear power programme<\/strong>, which aims to maximize the utilization of the country\u2019s limited uranium and abundant thorium resources. The attainment of criticality marks India\u2019s transition into the <strong>second stage<\/strong> of this programme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this stage, plutonium generated from earlier reactors is used as fuel, while thorium is gradually introduced to produce uranium-233, paving the way for long-term sustainable energy production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indigenous_Development_and_Strategic_Importance\"><\/span>Indigenous Development and Strategic Importance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The reactor has been developed indigenously over more than two decades, highlighting India\u2019s scientific and engineering capabilities. It is operated by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI) and is a symbol of the country\u2019s push towards <strong>Aatmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliance)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Significance_of_the_Achievement\"><\/span>Global Significance of the Achievement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>With this achievement, India joins a select group of nations with advanced fast breeder reactor technology. Once fully operational, India will become only the second country after Russia to operate a commercial fast breeder reactor, strengthening its position in global nuclear technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contribution_to_Clean_Energy_Goals\"><\/span>Contribution to Clean Energy Goals<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR is expected to play a crucial role in India\u2019s clean energy transition by providing reliable, low-carbon power. It aligns with India\u2019s commitment to achieving <strong>net-zero emissions by 2070<\/strong> and increasing the share of nuclear energy in its power mix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\" id=\"india-fast-breeder-reactor-criticality\"><img decoding=\"async\" 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\" alt=\"india fast breeder reactor criticality\" style=\"width:584px;height:auto\" title=\"india fast breeder reactor criticality\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">india fast breeder reactor criticality<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_This_News_is_Important\"><\/span>Why This News is Important<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Boost_to_Energy_Security\"><\/span>Boost to Energy Security<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India faces increasing energy demands due to rapid economic growth. The PFBR enhances energy security by enabling the country to produce more nuclear fuel domestically, reducing reliance on imports. This is particularly important for a country with limited uranium reserves but abundant thorium resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advancement_Towards_Self-Reliance\"><\/span>Advancement Towards Self-Reliance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The successful development of the PFBR showcases India\u2019s indigenous technological capabilities. It reflects the government\u2019s emphasis on <strong>self-reliance in critical sectors<\/strong>, including nuclear energy, which has both strategic and economic implications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_Towards_Sustainable_Development\"><\/span>Step Towards Sustainable Development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nuclear energy is a clean and reliable source of power. The PFBR contributes to India\u2019s efforts to reduce carbon emissions and transition towards sustainable energy sources. This is crucial for meeting global climate commitments and ensuring environmental sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategic_and_Global_Importance\"><\/span>Strategic and Global Importance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The achievement strengthens India\u2019s position as a leader in advanced nuclear technology. It enhances the country\u2019s global standing and opens opportunities for international collaboration in nuclear research and development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Support_for_Long-Term_Nuclear_Vision\"><\/span>Support for Long-Term Nuclear Vision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR is a key component of India\u2019s long-term nuclear strategy, which aims to utilize thorium as a primary energy source. This ensures a stable and sustainable energy supply for future generations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Context_of_Indias_Nuclear_Programme\"><\/span>Historical Context of India\u2019s Nuclear Programme<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origin_of_the_Three-Stage_Nuclear_Strategy\"><\/span>Origin of the Three-Stage Nuclear Strategy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India\u2019s nuclear programme was conceptualized by <strong>Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha<\/strong>, who envisioned a three-stage strategy to utilize the country\u2019s limited uranium and vast thorium reserves. This vision dates back to the 1950s and remains the foundation of India\u2019s nuclear policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Development_of_Early_Nuclear_Reactors\"><\/span>Development of Early Nuclear Reactors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the first stage, India developed Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) using natural uranium. These reactors produced plutonium as a by-product, which is used in the second stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evolution_Towards_Fast_Breeder_Technology\"><\/span>Evolution Towards Fast Breeder Technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The second stage focuses on fast breeder reactors like the PFBR, which use plutonium and generate more fuel than they consume. This stage is crucial for transitioning to thorium-based energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Future_Vision_Thorium-Based_Reactors\"><\/span>Future Vision: Thorium-Based Reactors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The third stage aims to use thorium to produce uranium-233, ensuring long-term energy sustainability. India possesses one of the largest thorium reserves in the world, making this strategy highly significant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decades_of_Scientific_Effort\"><\/span>Decades of Scientific Effort<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR project has been in development for over two decades, reflecting the persistent efforts of Indian scientists and engineers. Its success marks a turning point in India\u2019s nuclear journey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Takeaways_from_This_News\"><\/span>Key Takeaways from This News<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>S.No.<\/th><th>Key Takeaway<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>India\u2019s PFBR at Kalpakkam has attained criticality, marking a major nuclear milestone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Criticality means a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction has begun<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>PFBR is part of the second stage of India\u2019s three-stage nuclear programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>The reactor produces more fuel than it consumes, enhancing efficiency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>This achievement strengthens India\u2019s energy security and global nuclear position<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">india fast breeder reactor criticality<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_Indias_Most_Advanced_Atomic_Reactor_Attains_Criticality\"><\/span>FAQs: India\u2019s Most Advanced Atomic Reactor Attains Criticality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_the_Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor_PFBR\"><\/span>1. What is the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR)?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR is a 500 MWe nuclear reactor located at Kalpakkam and is India\u2019s most advanced atomic reactor. It is designed to produce more fuel than it consumes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_What_does_%E2%80%9Ccriticality%E2%80%9D_mean_in_nuclear_science\"><\/span>2. What does \u201ccriticality\u201d mean in nuclear science?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Criticality is the stage at which a nuclear reactor achieves a <strong>self-sustaining chain reaction<\/strong>, enabling continuous energy production without external neutron sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Which_organization_operates_the_PFBR\"><\/span>3. Which organization operates the PFBR?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR is operated by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited, a public sector enterprise under India\u2019s Department of Atomic Energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Under_which_nuclear_programme_does_PFBR_fall\"><\/span>4. Under which nuclear programme does PFBR fall?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR is part of India\u2019s <strong>three-stage nuclear power programme<\/strong>, conceptualized by Homi Jehangir Bhabha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Why_are_fast_breeder_reactors_important\"><\/span>5. Why are fast breeder reactors important?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fast breeder reactors are important because they <strong>generate more fissile material than they consume<\/strong>, making nuclear energy more sustainable and efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_What_fuel_does_the_PFBR_use\"><\/span>6. What fuel does the PFBR use?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The PFBR primarily uses <strong>plutonium-based mixed oxide (MOX) fuel<\/strong> along with uranium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_How_does_PFBR_contribute_to_Indias_energy_security\"><\/span>7. How does PFBR contribute to India\u2019s energy security?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It reduces dependence on imported uranium by generating additional nuclear fuel domestically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Which_stage_of_the_nuclear_programme_does_PFBR_represent\"><\/span>8. Which stage of the nuclear programme does PFBR represent?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It represents the <strong>second stage<\/strong> of India\u2019s nuclear programme, focusing on plutonium utilization and fuel breeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_What_is_the_significance_of_thorium_in_Indias_nuclear_strategy\"><\/span>9. What is the significance of thorium in India\u2019s nuclear strategy?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India has large thorium reserves, and future reactors aim to use thorium to produce uranium-233 for long-term energy sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Which_countries_have_fast_breeder_reactor_technology\"><\/span>10. Which countries have fast breeder reactor technology?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Only a few countries like <strong>Russia and India<\/strong> have advanced fast breeder reactor technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Some_Important_Current_Affairs_Links\"><\/span>Some Important Current Affairs Links<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/national\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">State Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/sports\/\" 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Learn PFBR features, importance, and exam-focused insights for UPSC, SSC, and banking exams. India\u2019s Most Advanced Atomic Reactor Attains Criticality: A Major Leap in Nuclear Energy Introduction to the Milestone Achievement India has achieved a historic milestone in its nuclear energy programme with the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":49180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,160],"tags":[36084,32113,25639,193,36082,18966,36083,245,12567],"class_list":["post-49136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national","category-science_and_technology","tag-atomic-energy","tag-current-affairs-2026","tag-energy-security-india","tag-government-exams","tag-kalpakkam-reactor","tag-nuclear-energy-india","tag-pfbr-reactor","tag-science-and-technology","tag-upsc-preparation"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49136"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49181,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49136\/revisions\/49181"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}