{"id":34304,"date":"2025-06-17T13:26:23","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T07:56:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/?p=34304"},"modified":"2025-06-17T13:26:26","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T07:56:26","slug":"india-rare-earth-export-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"India Rare Earth Export Ban to Japan Aims to Boost Domestic Production"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#India_rare_earth_export_ban_to_Japan_strengthens_domestic_processing_of_critical_minerals_like_neodymium_supporting_EV_defence_and_tech_industries_under_Atmanirbhar_Bharat\" >India rare earth export ban to Japan strengthens domestic processing of critical minerals like neodymium, supporting EV, defence and tech industries under Atmanirbhar Bharat.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Strategic_Shift_in_Rare_Earth_Policy\" >Strategic Shift in Rare Earth Policy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Triggered_by_Global_Supply_Turbulence\" >Triggered by Global Supply Turbulence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Bilateral_Agreement_under_Scrutiny\" >Bilateral Agreement under Scrutiny<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Scaling_Up_Domestic_Processing\" >Scaling Up Domestic Processing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Building_a_Value-Added_Ecosystem\" >Building a Value-Added Ecosystem<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#B_Why_This_News_Is_Important\" >B) Why This News Is Important<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Relevance_to_Aspirants\" >Relevance to Aspirants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Implications_for_Indias_Strategic_Autonomy\" >Implications for India\u2019s Strategic Autonomy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#C_Historical_Context\" >C) Historical Context<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Early_Years_of_Indian_Rare_Earths\" >Early Years of Indian Rare Earths<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Partnership_with_Japan\" >Partnership with Japan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Chinas_Rare_Earth_Diplomacy\" >China\u2019s Rare Earth Diplomacy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#D_Key_Takeaways_from_%E2%80%9CIndia_Halts_Rare_Earth_Exports_to_Japan%E2%80%9D\" >D) Key Takeaways from \u201cIndia Halts Rare Earth Exports to Japan\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#FAQs_Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#1_What_are_rare_earth_elements_REEs\" >1. What are rare earth elements (REEs)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#2_Why_did_India_stop_rare_earth_exports_to_Japan\" >2. Why did India stop rare earth exports to Japan?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#3_Which_government_company_handles_rare_earth_extraction_in_India\" >3. Which government company handles rare earth extraction in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#4_How_is_this_move_aligned_with_%E2%80%9CAtmanirbhar_Bharat%E2%80%9D\" >4. How is this move aligned with \u201cAtmanirbhar Bharat\u201d?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#5_What_is_the_global_relevance_of_this_move\" >5. What is the global relevance of this move?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/international\/india-rare-earth-export-ban\/#Some_Important_Current_Affairs_Links\" >Some Important Current Affairs Links<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"India_rare_earth_export_ban_to_Japan_strengthens_domestic_processing_of_critical_minerals_like_neodymium_supporting_EV_defence_and_tech_industries_under_Atmanirbhar_Bharat\"><\/span>India rare earth export ban to Japan strengthens domestic processing of critical minerals like neodymium, supporting EV, defence and tech industries under Atmanirbhar Bharat.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategic_Shift_in_Rare_Earth_Policy\"><\/span>Strategic Shift in Rare Earth Policy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India has recently taken a decisive move in its resource strategy by directing IREL (India Rare Earths Limited), the state-run miner, to suspend its export agreement with Japan. This policy shift signals New Delhi\u2019s intention to prioritise domestic industrial requirements, especially in view of growing global demand for rare earth elements (REEs) such as neodymium\u2014critical for electric vehicle (EV) motors and other high-tech applications <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Triggered_by_Global_Supply_Turbulence\"><\/span>Triggered by Global Supply Turbulence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The decision comes on the heels of China implementing export curbs on rare earths since April 2025. With China supplying roughly 80\u201390% of the world\u2019s refined rare earths, its restrictions exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains. As a result, India is striving to shield its burgeoning sectors\u2014automotive, energy generation, defence and electronics\u2014from similar disruptions .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bilateral_Agreement_under_Scrutiny\"><\/span>Bilateral Agreement under Scrutiny<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India had a longstanding 2012 agreement with Japan\u2019s Toyotsu Rare Earths India (a Toyota Tsusho subsidiary) for processing and exporting rare earths. In 2024 alone, over 1,000\u202fMT of rare earths were shipped to Japan\u2014nearly one-third of IREL\u2019s total 2,900\u202fMT output. While the agreement is governed by diplomatic terms, Delhi is exploring an \u201camicable resolution\u201d so as not to strain ties with a friendly nation <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scaling_Up_Domestic_Processing\"><\/span>Scaling Up Domestic Processing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>IREL is augmenting its production capabilities, aiming to extract 450\u202fMT of neodymium oxides by FY\u202f2025\u201326 and double that output by 2030. New mining approvals\u2014across four sites\u2014and capacity expansion in Odisha and Kerala are in progress <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Building_a_Value-Added_Ecosystem\"><\/span>Building a Value-Added Ecosystem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In line with the &#8220;Atmanirbhar Bharat&#8221; vision, India is laying plans to incentivise downstream facilities\u2014magnet production and rare earth processing plants\u2014to cater to domestic automotive, electronics, and defence needs. This could hold the key to reducing reliance on Chinese imports and boosting national supply-chain resilience<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\" id=\"India-rare-earth-export-ban\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/en.sangritimes.com\/uploads\/images\/202506\/image_1600x_684dbeb708cb0.webp\" alt=\"India rare earth export ban\" title=\"India rare earth export ban\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">India rare earth export ban<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Why_This_News_Is_Important\"><\/span>B) Why This News Is Important<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relevance_to_Aspirants\"><\/span>Relevance to Aspirants<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For students preparing for government-service roles\u2014such as PSU engineers, defence analysts, civil servants (PCS, IAS), banking sector professionals\u2014avian command over such pivotal policy shifts is essential. The decision impacts multiple competitive exam syllabi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Economy &amp; Industry<\/strong>: Recognition of strategic policies aimed at shaping supply chain self-reliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Science &amp; Technology<\/strong>: Understanding of rare-earth elements, their uses, and processing challenges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Geopolitics<\/strong>: Awareness of how resource strategies influence diplomacy, particularly with countries like China and Japan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implications_for_Indias_Strategic_Autonomy\"><\/span>Implications for India\u2019s Strategic Autonomy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This policy move has multi-layered significance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Economic Security<\/strong>: Domestic industries stand to benefit as India harnesses local resources for an increasing share of internal demand.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tech-Driven Growth<\/strong>: By tapping into rare earths, India underpins future-readiness in EVs, renewables, defence electronics, and high-end manufacturing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Geopolitical Leverage<\/strong>: Reduced dependency on Chinese exports enhances India\u2019s negotiating power within regional and global spheres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding this initiative can yield critical insights and analytical frameworks when evaluating India\u2019s broader economic and technological sovereignty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Historical_Context\"><\/span>C) Historical Context<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Early_Years_of_Indian_Rare_Earths\"><\/span>Early Years of Indian Rare Earths<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Since its incorporation in 1950, IREL has managed India\u2019s monazite-rich beach sands, extracting rare earth minerals mainly for nuclear and defence use. Process plants in Kerala (Aluva) and Odisha (OSCOM) were established to process monazite, which harbors rare earths and thorium <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Partnership_with_Japan\"><\/span>Partnership with Japan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2012, India partnered with Toyota Tsusho through Toyotsu Rare Earths India, entering a supply agreement for REEs. Despite adequate reserves (~6.9 million\u202fMT, 5th largest globally), India&#8217;s limited downstream processing meant exports became necessary <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chinas_Rare_Earth_Diplomacy\"><\/span>China\u2019s Rare Earth Diplomacy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2010, China once halted REE exports to Japan during diplomatic tensions. This precedent highlighted how China\u2019s near-monopoly (refining ~90%) over REE supply could be leveraged geopolitically . Fast-forward to April 2025, and China again triggered global concern by restricting REE exports, prompting allied nations to rethink value chains .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"D_Key_Takeaways_from_%E2%80%9CIndia_Halts_Rare_Earth_Exports_to_Japan%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>D) Key Takeaways from \u201cIndia Halts Rare Earth Exports to Japan\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>S. No.<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Key Takeaway<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1.<\/td><td>India has asked IREL to suspend rare earth exports to Japan to boost domestic supply amid global disruptions <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.<\/td><td>REEs like neodymium are essential for EV motors, wind turbines, electronics, and defence applications.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.<\/td><td>India holds ~6.9\u202fmt of rare earth reserves (5th globally), but lacks domestic processing and magnet manufacturing capabilities .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4.<\/td><td>IREL plans to scale neodymium extraction to 450\u202fMT by FY\u202f26, doubling by 2030, while awaiting approvals for four new mines .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5.<\/td><td>India aims to develop downstream industries\u2014magnet production, processing units\u2014with incentives under \u201cAtmanirbhar Bharat\u201d to reduce reliance on China .<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">India rare earth export ban<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span><strong>FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_are_rare_earth_elements_REEs\"><\/span>1. What are rare earth elements (REEs)?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 metallic elements essential in high-tech and clean energy applications such as electric vehicle motors, wind turbines, smartphones, and defence technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Why_did_India_stop_rare_earth_exports_to_Japan\"><\/span>2. Why did India stop rare earth exports to Japan?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India halted rare earth exports to Japan to boost domestic capacity, ensure supply security for its own growing sectors, and reduce reliance on global supply chains affected by China\u2019s export restrictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Which_government_company_handles_rare_earth_extraction_in_India\"><\/span>3. Which government company handles rare earth extraction in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>IREL (India Rare Earths Limited), a public sector enterprise under the Department of Atomic Energy, is responsible for the mining and processing of rare earth elements in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_How_is_this_move_aligned_with_%E2%80%9CAtmanirbhar_Bharat%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>4. How is this move aligned with \u201cAtmanirbhar Bharat\u201d?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The decision supports the \u201cAtmanirbhar Bharat\u201d initiative by encouraging domestic production and value addition of rare earths, reducing dependency on imports, and promoting indigenous manufacturing capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_What_is_the_global_relevance_of_this_move\"><\/span>5. What is the global relevance of this move?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>With China dominating over 80% of the global rare earths supply, India&#8217;s policy shift enhances strategic autonomy and positions the country as a reliable alternative in global rare earth supply chains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Some_Important_Current_Affairs_Links\"><\/span>Some Important Current Affairs Links<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/national\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">State Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/sports\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sports Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/international\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/banking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Banking Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/railway\/\" target=\"_blank\" 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