{"id":29654,"date":"2025-01-29T11:29:55","date_gmt":"2025-01-29T05:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/?p=29654"},"modified":"2025-01-29T11:38:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T06:08:00","slug":"union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s First Union Budget 1860 by James Wilson: The Birth of Income Tax and Financial System"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#The_Man_Behind_Indias_First_Union_Budget_James_Wilson\" >The Man Behind India\u2019s First Union Budget: James Wilson<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#James_Wilson_The_Architect_of_Indias_First_Budget\" >James Wilson: The Architect of India\u2019s First Budget<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#The_Birth_of_Indias_Financial_System\" >The Birth of India\u2019s Financial System<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#Why_This_News_is_Important\" >Why This News is Important:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#Establishment_of_Indias_Taxation_System\" >Establishment of India&#8217;s Taxation System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#Shaping_Indias_Modern_Economic_Policy\" >Shaping India\u2019s Modern Economic Policy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#The_Historical_Importance_of_the_1860_Budget\" >The Historical Importance of the 1860 Budget<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#Historical_Context\" >Historical Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#Key_Takeaways_from_%E2%80%9CThe_Man_Behind_Indias_First_Union_Budget_James_Wilson%E2%80%9D\" >Key Takeaways from &#8220;The Man Behind India\u2019s First Union Budget: James Wilson&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#Important_FAQs_for_Students_from_this_News\" >Important FAQs for Students from this News<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/national\/union-budgetdiscover-the-history-behind-indias-first-union-budget-in-1860-presented-by-james-wilson\/#Some_Important_Current_Affairs_Links\" >Some Important Current Affairs Links<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Man_Behind_Indias_First_Union_Budget_James_Wilson\"><\/span>The Man Behind India\u2019s First Union Budget: James Wilson<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India\u2019s first Union Budget was presented in 1860, and it holds significant historical importance. The man responsible for this milestone was James Wilson, a British economist, and civil servant. Wilson, who was appointed as the Finance Member of the Council of India, laid the foundation for India&#8217;s financial and taxation system. This article will explore James Wilson\u2019s contributions, the historical significance of his budget, and how it set the stage for India\u2019s modern economic structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"James_Wilson_The_Architect_of_Indias_First_Budget\"><\/span>James Wilson: The Architect of India\u2019s First Budget<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>James Wilson, a British economist, was tasked with drafting India&#8217;s first Union Budget following the British annexation of India in 1858. Wilson was not only a finance expert but also a key figure in shaping India\u2019s fiscal policies during the British colonial period. Before Wilson&#8217;s involvement, India&#8217;s financial system was largely disorganized, with little uniformity in taxation and revenue collection. In 1860, after the First War of Indian Independence in 1857, the British government sought to consolidate power in India, leading to the introduction of a structured financial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilson\u2019s budget aimed to address the fiscal deficit, stimulate economic activity, and regulate government revenues through a standardized taxation system. His budget proposals focused on enhancing revenue collection and introduced customs duties and excise taxes on various goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Birth_of_Indias_Financial_System\"><\/span>The Birth of India\u2019s Financial System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The introduction of India\u2019s first Union Budget was a pivotal moment in Indian history. The move helped to formalize the country\u2019s economic structure, which, prior to Wilson\u2019s budget, lacked coherence. Wilson\u2019s budget included key provisions, such as introducing income tax and creating a robust framework for revenue management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before the budget, the British administration had not fully structured India\u2019s taxation system, which was chaotic and often led to inefficient revenue collection. Wilson\u2019s approach involved a detailed review of the economic landscape, and he introduced taxes to streamline the financial processes. The most notable feature of Wilson&#8217;s budget was the introduction of income tax, a measure that has continued to shape India\u2019s tax structure to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image India\u2019s First Union Budget 1860\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized 1860\" id=\"India\u2019s-First-Union-Budget-1860\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Indias-First-Union-Budget-1860.jpg\" alt=\"India\u2019s First Union Budget 1860\" class=\"wp-image-29668\" style=\"width:752px;height:auto\" title=\"\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">India\u2019s First Union Budget 1860<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_This_News_is_Important\"><\/span>Why This News is Important:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Establishment_of_Indias_Taxation_System\"><\/span>Establishment of India&#8217;s Taxation System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>James Wilson\u2019s budget was a landmark event as it marked the beginning of a structured taxation system in India. Prior to his budget, there were no formal mechanisms for tax collection. Wilson\u2019s income tax system introduced the concept of progressive taxation, which laid the groundwork for the modern Indian tax regime. His contributions helped stabilize the financial system of British India, setting a precedent for future budgets in independent India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shaping_Indias_Modern_Economic_Policy\"><\/span>Shaping India\u2019s Modern Economic Policy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilson\u2019s budget directly influenced the economic policies that would eventually be adopted by post-independence India. While the country\u2019s financial system has evolved considerably, many of the basic principles introduced by Wilson have persisted. For instance, income tax, excise duties, and customs duties are still major sources of government revenue. Understanding Wilson\u2019s role is crucial in tracing the evolution of India\u2019s economic policies, including the role of taxes and financial planning in the country\u2019s governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Historical_Importance_of_the_1860_Budget\"><\/span>The Historical Importance of the 1860 Budget<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This news story highlights an important part of Indian history, specifically the start of India\u2019s economic journey under British rule. Wilson\u2019s Union Budget is often overlooked in contemporary discussions about Indian economics, but it is vital to understand the origins of India\u2019s financial systems and how they continue to affect modern economic governance. The 1860 Union Budget was the first step towards building an organized, systematic economic framework, which would play a crucial role in India\u2019s subsequent development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Context\"><\/span>Historical Context: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before James Wilson\u2019s Union Budget, India\u2019s financial system was far from organized. The country operated under a system inherited from the Mughal Empire, which lacked uniformity in tax collection. When the British East India Company assumed control, they brought some administrative reforms but largely left the financial structure unchanged. After the 1857 uprising, the British government took direct control of India, and this period saw an increasing demand for revenue to fund the growing administration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilson\u2019s first budget was a response to the fiscal crisis following the rebellion. The British colonial government needed more structured financial management to stabilize the economy, and this led to the introduction of the budget. The focus on direct taxation, including income tax, was a major shift from previous financial practices in India, which had relied heavily on land revenue. Wilson\u2019s budget reflected his understanding of the necessity of modernizing India\u2019s financial systems to sustain British rule while ensuring a steady flow of revenue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Takeaways_from_%E2%80%9CThe_Man_Behind_Indias_First_Union_Budget_James_Wilson%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Key Takeaways from &#8220;The Man Behind India\u2019s First Union Budget: James Wilson&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Serial No.<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Key Takeaway<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>James Wilson was the first person to present India\u2019s Union Budget in 1860.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Wilson introduced income tax and customs duties to streamline India&#8217;s financial system.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>The 1860 Budget marked the formal establishment of India&#8217;s taxation system.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Wilson&#8217;s budget aimed to stabilize the financial crisis after the 1857 uprising.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>The fiscal policies introduced by Wilson continue to influence India\u2019s modern tax framework.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">India\u2019s First Union Budget 1860<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_FAQs_for_Students_from_this_News\"><\/span>Important FAQs for Students from this News<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Who was James Wilson, and why is he significant in Indian history?<\/strong><br>James Wilson was a British economist and the first person to present India\u2019s Union Budget in 1860. He is significant because he introduced the concept of income tax and a structured taxation system in India, which laid the foundation for India\u2019s modern financial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What was the primary aim of James Wilson&#8217;s 1860 Budget?<\/strong><br>The primary aim of James Wilson\u2019s 1860 Budget was to stabilize India\u2019s finances following the 1857 uprising, by introducing an organized taxation system, including income tax and customs duties. This helped address the fiscal deficit and set the foundation for India&#8217;s financial structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. How did Wilson\u2019s budget impact India&#8217;s economic policies?<\/strong><br>Wilson\u2019s budget had a lasting impact on India\u2019s economic policies by establishing a system of progressive taxation, including income tax, which continues to be a central part of India&#8217;s financial framework. His contributions set the stage for future financial reforms in India, both during the colonial period and after independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Why was income tax introduced by James Wilson in India?<\/strong><br>Income tax was introduced by James Wilson as a key measure to stabilize the Indian economy after the financial strain caused by the 1857 rebellion. It was designed to ensure a steady flow of government revenue and address the fiscal crisis faced by the British colonial government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. What were the main provisions of James Wilson&#8217;s first Union Budget?<\/strong><br>The main provisions of James Wilson\u2019s 1860 Union Budget included the introduction of income tax, customs duties, and excise taxes on goods. These provisions helped formalize India\u2019s revenue collection system and laid the groundwork for the modern taxation system in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Some_Important_Current_Affairs_Links\"><\/span>Some Important Current Affairs Links<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/national\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">State Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/sports\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sports Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/international\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/banking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Banking Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/railway\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Railways Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/defence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Defence Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--4\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs?newsmaticargs=custom&amp;posts=today\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Daily Current Affairs<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--5\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairsinhindi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Current Affairs In Hindi<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--6\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/category\/news-and-notifications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">News and Notifications<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.edunovations.quiz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Banner-current-affairs-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Download this App for Daily Current Affairs MCQ&#039;s\" class=\"wp-image-247\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Banner-current-affairs-2-1.jpg 900w, https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Banner-current-affairs-2-1-300x50.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Banner-current-affairs-2-1-768x128.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Download this App for Daily Current Affairs MCQ&#8217;s<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\" id=\"News-Website-Development-Company\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.martindiainfotech.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/News-Website-Development-Company-Banner.png\" alt=\"News Website Development Company\" class=\"wp-image-438\" title=\"News Website Development Company\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/News-Website-Development-Company-Banner.png 900w, https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/News-Website-Development-Company-Banner-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/News-Website-Development-Company-Banner-768x128.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">News Website Development Company<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Man Behind India\u2019s First Union Budget: James Wilson India\u2019s first Union Budget was presented in 1860, and it holds significant historical importance. The man responsible for this milestone was James Wilson, a British economist, and civil servant. Wilson, who was appointed as the Finance Member of the Council of India, laid the foundation for&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":29669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,142,144],"tags":[19572],"class_list":["post-29654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national","category-business","category-economy_finance","tag-james-wilson-first-union-budget-india-indian-taxation-system-indian-budget-history-income-tax-in-india-british-colonial-economy-fiscal-policies-in-india-1860-budget-india"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29654"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29654\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edunovations.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}