Categories: Current Affairs

Project Elephant Census 2025: DNA-Based Counting, Railway Safety Plans & New Wildlife Initiatives

Project Elephant Census 2025 highlights DNA-based population tracking, elephant safety near railway zones, and expansion of India’s species recovery programme including sloth bears and gharials.

🐘 Project Elephant: Phase‑I Census & Wildlife Recovery Plans Unveiled

Steering Committee Meeting in Dehradun

The 21st Steering Committee meeting of Project Elephant, chaired by Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav, took place in Dehradun. The meeting was a deep-dive into recent conservation milestones—including the successful conclusion of Phase-I of the synchronized elephant census in the Northeast—as well as new strategies to combat wildlife threats.


Completion of Phase‑I Elephant Census in Northeast

Phase-I of the synchronized elephant population estimation in the Northeastern states has been officially concluded. Over 16,500 elephant dung samples were gathered and analyzed using DNA-based methodologies, aiming to provide an accurate estimation of the population on par with the previous 2017 census that recorded 29,964 elephants nationwide.


Mapping Railway Risks to Prevent Collisions

A major concern is the high number of elephant fatalities due to rail accidents. To address this, 3,452.4 km of railway tracks in identified elephant habitats have been surveyed. From this, 77 high‑risk zones have been earmarked. Between 2019–24, 73 elephant deaths occurred due to train collisions.


DNA Profiling for Captive Elephant Monitoring

The project also successfully carried out 1,911 DNA profiles of captive elephants across 22 states. This genetic database will support long-term conservation strategies including lineage tracking, health diagnostics, and improved management.


Strengthened Human‑Elephant Conflict (HEC) Mitigation

New regional action plans were unveiled for the southern and northeastern zones to manage HEC. The strategies emphasize inter-agency collaboration involving the Indian Railways, NHAI, Ministry of Power, and other stakeholders to minimize conflicts and promote coexistence.


Expansion of Species Recovery Program

Beyond elephants, the initiative has been broadened to support other vulnerable species. Sloth bear and gharial have been added to the Species Recovery Programme, highlighting increased attention to ecosystem-wide biodiversity restoration.


Project Elephant census 2025

Why This News Is Important

Relevance for Government Exam Aspirants

This development showcases India’s commitment to large-scale wildlife conservation and provides current examples for topics like environmental policies, biodiversity governance, wildlife‑human conflict mitigation, and interdisciplinary collaboration among governmental organizations. Aspirants for UPSC, SSC, Banking, Railways, Defence, and Teaching roles must be well-versed with real-time conservation initiatives like Project Elephant.

Reflection of Policy and Implementation

The launch of census Phase I, railway risk mapping, DNA profiling, and expansion to species recovery represents multifaceted policy implementation—from data-gathering and science-backed census methods to cross-sectoral coordination—valuable for general studies, essay-writing, and interview questions.

Focus on Holistic Wildlife Protection

Inclusion of sloth bear and gharial underlines India’s integrated conservation approach, vital for current affairs sections in civil service, environment, and wildlife segments for various examinations.


Historical Context: Evolution of Project Elephant

Launch & Objectives

Initiated in 1992 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Project Elephant aims to support states in conserving wild elephant populations by protecting habitats, migration corridors, and managing human-elephant conflict.

Census Methodology

India’s first synchronized elephant census occurred in 2005 using dung-sample-based line transect methods. The last nationwide census in 2017 pegged the elephant population at 29,964, a rise from earlier estimates.

MIKE Initiative & Genetic Monitoring

Since 2004, the project has integrated the MIKE (Monitoring of Illegal Killing of Elephants) program to curb poaching via data-driven intelligence. Additionally, captive elephant DNA profiling assists in pedigree tracking and health monitoring.

Infrastructure Development & Partnerships

Project Elephant also supports habitat development, scientific research (e.g., elephant‑proof storage bins, repellents), veterinary care, and training for mahouts. These multi-pronged strategies promote both species welfare and human coexistence.


Key Takeaways from “Project Elephant Census Phase‑I Completed & Wildlife Recovery Plans Launched”

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is Project Elephant?

Project Elephant is a centrally sponsored scheme launched by the Government of India in 1992 to protect elephants, their habitat, and migration corridors, and to manage human-elephant conflicts.

2. What is the purpose of the elephant census?

The elephant census aims to estimate the population of wild elephants using scientific methods such as dung sampling and DNA analysis. It helps in conservation planning and monitoring population trends.

3. Why is railway mapping important in elephant habitats?

Railway mapping identifies high-risk zones where elephants frequently cross tracks, leading to potential collisions. It enables authorities to take preventive measures and reduce accidental deaths.

4. What is DNA profiling of elephants?

DNA profiling involves collecting genetic samples from elephants (especially captive ones) to build a database for tracking lineage, health conditions, and population management.

5. Which other species are included under the Species Recovery Programme now?

In addition to elephants, sloth bears and gharials have been newly added to the Species Recovery Programme, indicating a broader biodiversity conservation agenda.

6. How is the Government mitigating human-elephant conflict?

By launching regional action plans, promoting inter-agency coordination, and implementing on-ground solutions like early warning systems and fencing in conflict-prone areas.

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