National Supercomputing Mission: Advancing India’s HPC Capabilities in 2025

Introduction: Advancing India’s Computational Capabilities

The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), launched in 2015, is a flagship initiative by the Government of India aimed at bolstering the country’s high-performance computing (HPC) capabilities. Jointly steered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), and implemented by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, the mission envisions establishing a robust supercomputing infrastructure across the nation.

Objectives and Vision of NSM

The primary goals of the NSM include:

Enhancing R&D Capabilities: Providing computational resources to academic and research institutions to facilitate advanced research.
Promoting Self-Reliance: Developing indigenous supercomputing hardware and software to reduce dependency on imports.
Supporting Strategic Sectors: Empowering sectors like education, healthcare, agriculture, climate modeling, and defense with HPC resources.
Human Resource Development: Training professionals in HPC and related fields to build a skilled workforce.

Implementation and Infrastructure

The NSM is structured in multiple phases:

Phase 1: Focused on assembling supercomputers using imported components and deploying them across premier institutions.
Phase 2: Emphasized indigenous manufacturing of supercomputing components and developing local software ecosystems.
Phase 3: Aims to achieve full indigenization of supercomputing technology, including processors and interconnects.

As of March 2025, 34 supercomputers with a combined capacity of 35 petaflops have been deployed across various institutions, including IITs, IISc, and C-DAC centers. These systems support over 10,000 researchers and have facilitated significant advancements in various scientific domains.

Key Achievements and Milestones

PARAM Series: The development and deployment of indigenous supercomputers like PARAM Shivay, PARAM Pravega, and PARAM Rudra mark significant milestones in India’s journey towards self-reliance in HPC.
AIRAWAT Project: India’s AI supercomputing infrastructure, AIRAWAT, with a capacity of 200 petaflops, has been ranked 75th globally in the ISC 2023 rankings.
Research Output: The supercomputing facilities have enabled researchers to complete over 1 crore compute jobs and publish more than 1,500 papers in leading journals.
Human Resource Development: Over 17,500 individuals have been trained in HPC, contributing to a skilled workforce in the field.

Connectivity and Collaboration

The supercomputers are interconnected through the National Knowledge Network (NKN), facilitating seamless data transfer and collaboration among institutions. This network enhances the efficiency of research and enables real-time data sharing across the country.

National Supercomputing Mission India

Why This News is Important

Relevance to Competitive Exams

Understanding the National Supercomputing Mission is crucial for aspirants of UPSC, State PSCs, SSC, Banking, Railways, and Defence exams. Questions related to science and technology, government schemes, and digital initiatives often feature topics like NSM, making it essential for candidates to be well-versed with its objectives and achievements.

Strategic and Technological Significance

The NSM represents India’s commitment to technological advancement and self-reliance. By developing indigenous supercomputing capabilities, the mission not only strengthens national security and economic growth but also positions India as a global leader in high-performance computing.

Historical Context: Evolution of Supercomputing in India

India’s journey in supercomputing began in the late 1980s with the development of the PARAM series by C-DAC. The establishment of NSM in 2015 marked a significant step towards consolidating and expanding the country’s HPC infrastructure. Over the years, the mission has evolved to focus on indigenization, capacity building, and fostering a culture of research and innovation.

Key Takeaways from “National Supercomputing Mission: Powering India’s Technological Future”

A) FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)?
The NSM is a government initiative launched in 2015 to develop and deploy high-performance computing infrastructure across India, promoting research and self-reliance in supercomputing.

Q2. Who are the implementing agencies of NSM?
The mission is jointly steered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), and implemented by C-DAC and IISc Bengaluru.

Q3. How many supercomputers have been deployed under NSM?
As of March 2025, 34 supercomputers with a combined capacity of 35 petaflops have been deployed across various institutions in India.

Q4. What is the AIRAWAT project?
AIRAWAT is India’s AI supercomputing infrastructure developed under NSM, with a capacity of 200 petaflops, ranking 75th globally in the ISC 2023 rankings.

Q5. How does NSM contribute to human resource development?
NSM has trained over 17,500 individuals in high-performance computing, contributing to a skilled workforce in the field.